PERCEIVED THREAT OF COVID-19 AND ITS IMPACT ON EXPEDITION SERVICE COMPANY EMPLOYEES IN JAKARTA
Keywords:
Perceived Threat of Covid-19 Workload Job Stress, Job SatisfactionAbstract
This research aims to analyze the impact of the perceived threat of Covid-19 directly or indirectly on workload, job stress, and job satisfaction. The sample in this study was 190 employees who worked at expedition service company employees in Jakarta and were taken using a purposive sampling method. The instrument test used is the validity and reliability test, which uses the PLS-SEM method for testing the hypothesis. The results obtained were that there was no positive effect between the perceived threat of Covid-19 on workload, there was no adverse effect between the perceived threat of Covid-19 on job satisfaction, there was a positive effect from the perceived threat of Covid-19 on job stress, there was no effect negative between workload and job satisfaction, there is no adverse effect between job stress and job satisfaction, workload mediates the effect between perceived threat of Covid-19 on job satisfaction and Job stress does not mediate the effect between perceived threat of Covid-19 on job satisfaction.
Downloads
References
Y. M. Teng, K. S. Wu, and D. Xu, “The Association Between Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019, Mental Health, and Turnover Intention Among Quarantine Hotel Employees in China,” Front. Public Heal., vol. 9, no. May, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.668774.
E. Giovanis and O. Ozdamar, “Implications of COVID-19: The Effect of Working From Home on Financial and Mental Well-Being in the UK,” Int. J. Heal. Policy Manag., no. x, pp. 1–7, 2021, doi: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.33.
C. Kowalski et al., “Burnout in nurses - the relationship between social capital in hospitals and emotional exhaustion,” J. Clin. Nurs., vol. 19, no. 11–12, pp. 1654–1663, 2010, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02989.x.
L. A. Morgantini et al., “Factors contributing to healthcare professional burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid turnaround global survey,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 9 September, pp. 1–11, 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238217.
B. Obrenovic, J. Du, D. Godinic, M. M. M. Baslom, and D. Tsoy, “The Threat of COVID-19 and Job Insecurity Impact on Depression and Anxiety: An Empirical Study in the USA,” Front. Psychol., vol. 12, no. August, pp. 1–15, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648572.
G. Mion, P. Hamann, M. Saleten, B. Plaud, and C. Baillard, “Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and burnout severity in French residents: A national study,” Eur. J. Psychiatry, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 173–180, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2021.03.005.
N. Emilisa, E. A. Yudhaputri, I. K. Dewi, and G. Lunarindiah, “The impact of job demands and job resources to work engagement and job stress mediated by job crafting: A study from event organizer’s employees,” Int. J. Adv. Sci. Technol., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 558–566, 2019.
N. Emilisa, E. A. Yudhaputri, and N. W. Karimah, “The Impact of Leader’s Humor Styles on Creativity and Work Engagement of Call Center Employees in Jakarta,” J. Manag. Info, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 120–133, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v8i2.2003.
E. Altintas et al., “Emotional exhaustion and fear of COVID-19 in geriatric facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, vol. 37, no. 8, 2022, doi: 10.1002/gps.5781.
S. Nazenin and P. Palupiningdyah, “Peran Stres Kerja Dan Kepuasan Kerja Untuk Mengurangi Turnover Intention,” J. Din. Manaj., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 220–227, 2014, doi: 10.15294/jdm.v5i2.3663.
A. Richter, K. Näswall, and M. Sverke, “Job insecurity and its relation to work-family conflict: Mediation with a longitudinal data set,” Econ. Ind. Democr., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 265–280, 2010, doi: 10.1177/0143831X09358370.
Ö. Tekir, “The relationship between fear of COVID-19, psychological well-being and life satisfaction in nursing students: A cross-sectional study,” PLoS One, vol. 17, no. 3 March, pp. 1–15, 2022, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264970.
P. Soraci et al., “Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale,” Spinal Cord, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 496–503, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41393-019-0384-z.
E. W. K. Liew, E. M. J. Low, G. L. L. Ho, S. T. T’ng, and K. H. Ho, “Perceived Risk, Fear of Covid-19, and Resilience on Mental Health of Malaysian Emerging Adults during the Covid-19 Pandemic,” Int. J. Res. Couns. Educ., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 152–164, 2021, doi: 10.24036/00456za0002.
Y. Chun, M. Sagas, and E. Wendling, “The Intervening Effects of Perceived Organizational Support on COVID-19 Pandemic Stress, Job Burnout and Occupational Turnover Intentions of Collegiate Sport Athlete-Facing Professionals,” Sustain., vol. 14, no. 11, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su14116807.
M. R. Paredes, V. Apaolaza, C. Fernandez-robin, P. Hartmann, and D. Yañez-martinez, “The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on subjective mental well-being.,” Elsevier Connect, vol. 170, no. January, pp. 1–6, 2020.
B. Gisilanbe Vetbuje, P. Farmanesh, and A. Sousan, “Relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 and burnout among frontline nurses: A mediation analysis,” Brain Behav., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1–17, 2022, doi: 10.1002/brb3.2601.
D. K. Ahorsu, C. Y. Lin, Z. H. Marznaki, and A. H. Pakpour, “The association between fear of COVID-19 and mental health: The mediating roles of burnout and job stress among emergency nursing staff,” Nurs. Open, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1147–1154, 2022, doi: 10.1002/nop2.1154.
R. Riyadi and P. Larasaty, “Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kepatuhan Masyarakat Pada Protokol Kesehatan Dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19,” Semin. Nas. Off. Stat., vol. 2020, no. 1, pp. 45–54, 2021, doi: 10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2020i1.431.
S. Bashirian et al., “Factors associated with preventive behaviours of COVID-19 among hospital staff in Iran in 2020: an application of the Protection Motivation Theory,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 104, no. January, pp. 430–433, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10/1016/j/jhin.2020.04.035.
L. Chen, H. Li, L. Zhao, F. Tian, and S. Tian, “The effect of job satisfaction regulating workload on miners ’ unsafe state,” Sci. Rep., pp. 1–13, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20673-y.
G. Butt and A. Lance, “Secondary Teacher Workload and Job Satisfaction: Do Successful Strategies for Change Exist?,” Educ. Manag. Adm. Leadersh., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 401–422, 2005, doi: 10.1177/1741143205056304.
Y. Xie, J. Tian, Y. Jiao, Y. Liu, H. Yu, and L. Shi, “The Impact of Work Stress on Job Satisfaction and Sleep Quality for Couriers in China: The Role of Psychological Capital,” Front. Psychol., vol. 12, no. December, pp. 1–8, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730147.
F. Chirico et al., “Working from home in the context of COVID-19: A systematic review of physical and mental health effects on teleworkers,” J. Heal. Soc. Sci., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 319–332, 2021, doi: 10.19204/2021/wrkn8.
A. Ismail, A. B. A. Ghani, M. Subhan, M. H. R. Joarder, and A. A. Ridzuan, “The relationship between stress and job satisfaction: An evidence from Malaysian peacekeeping mission,” Mediterr. J. Soc. Sci., vol. 6, no. 4S3, pp. 647–655, 2015, doi: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s3p647.
J. Mesmer-Magnus, D. J. Glew, and C. Viswesvaran, “A meta-analysis of positive humor in the workplace,” J. Manag. Psychol., 2012, doi: 10.1108/02683941211199554.
S. B. Murali, “Impact of Job Stress on Employee Performance,” Int. J. Accounting, Bus. Manag., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 13–33, 2017.
A. Mensah, “Job stress and mental well-being among working men and women in europe: The mediating role of social support,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1–19, 2021, doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052494.
S. Aytaç and S. Dursun, “The effect on employees of violence climate in the workplace,” in Work, 2012, vol. 41, no. SUPPL.1, pp. 3026–3031. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0559-3026.
N. Emilisa, “Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan,” Media Ris. Bisnis Manaj., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 285–301, 2006.
A. M. Rodríguez-López, S. Rubio-Valdehita, and E. M. Díaz-Ramiro, “Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental workload and burnout of fashion retailing workers in spain,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1–16, 2021, doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030983.
N. Moyo, A. D. Bhappu, M. Bhebhe, and F. Ncube, “Perceived Risk of COVID-19 and Employee Decision-Making: How Psychological Distress during the Pandemic Increases Negative Performance Outcomes among Healthcare Workers,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 19, no. 11, 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116762.
E. Shoja et al., “Covid-19 effects on the workload of Iranian healthcare workers,” BMC Public Health, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2020, doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09743-w.
S. C. Cheng and Y. H. Kao, “The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on job satisfaction: A mediated moderation model using job stress and organizational resilience in the hotel industry of Taiwan,” Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 3, p. e09134, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09134.
J. Dymecka, J. Filipkowski, and A. Machnik-Czerwik, “Fear of COVID-19: Stress and job satisfaction among Polish doctors during the pandemic,” Postep. Psychiatr. i Neurol., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 243–250, 2021, doi: 10.5114/PPN.2021.111935.
T. Srimarut and W. Mekhum, “The influence of workload and co-worker attitude on job satisfaction among employees of pharmaceutical industry in Bangkok, Thailand: The mediating role of training,” Syst. Rev. Pharm., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 603–611, 2020, doi: 10.5530/srp.2020.2.88.
N. Indah, W. Dan, and H. Madiistriyatno, “Pengaruh Stres Kerja, Disiplin Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Intensi Turnover,” MIX, vol. V, no. 1, pp. 54–69, 2015.
M. K. Omar, A. H. Aluwi, M. W. M. Fauzi, and N. F. Hairpuddin, “Work stress, workload, work-life balance, and intention to leave among employees of an insurance company in Malaysia,” Int. J. Business, Econ. Law, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 70–78, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://ijbel.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/IJBEL21_061.pdf
K. Felmban and M. Khan, “The Impact of Job Related Stress On Employee Job Satisfaction,” PalArch’s J. Archaeol. Egypt/Egyptology, vol. 8, no. 14, pp. 665–676, 2021.
M. Zhang, P. zhang, Y. Liu, H. Wang, K. Hu, and M. Du, “Influence of perceived stress and workload on work engagement in front-line nurses during COVID-19 pandemic,” J. Clin. Nurs., vol. 30, no. 11–12, pp. 1584–1595, 2021, doi: 10.1111/jocn.15707.
S. ÇİMKE, D. YILDIRIM GÜRKAN, and D. ESENKAYA, “Fear of Covid-19 and Affecting Factors,” Int. J. Heal. Serv. Res. Policy, vol. 6, no. November, pp. 273–283, 2021, doi: 10.33457/ijhsrp.944100.
J. F. Hair, R. E. Anderson, R. L. Tatham, and W. C. Black, Multivariate Data Analysis, Multivariate Data Analysis, vol. 87, no. 4. 2019.
J. F. Hair, R. E. Anderson, R. L. Tatham, and W. C. Black, Multivariate Data Analysis, Multivariate Data Analysis, vol. 87, no. 4. 2018.
A. J. Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Y. Pantaleón, I. Dios, and D. Falla, “Fear of COVID-19, Stress, and Anxiety in University Undergraduate Students: A Predictive Model for Depression,” Front. Psychol., vol. 11, no. November, pp. 1–9, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797.
N. Emilisa, “The Role of Altruism, Organizational Learning Capability and Organizational Trust: A Study from Online Motorcycle Drivers in Jakarta,” Rev. Integr. Bus. Econ. Res., 2019.
N. Emilisa, D. P. Putra, E. A. Yudhaputri, and U. Trisakti, “Perceived External Prestige , Deviant Workplace Behavior Dan,” J. Manaj. Dan Pemasar. Jasa, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 247–262, 2018.
Seema, V. Choudhary, and G. Saini, “Effect of Job Satisfaction on Moonlighting Intentions: Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment,” Eur. Res. Manag. Bus. Econ., vol. 27, no. 1, p. 100137, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.iedeen.2020.100137.
E. E. Abd-Ellatif, M. M. Anwar, A. A. AlJifri, and M. M. El Dalatony, “Fear of COVID-19 and Its Impact on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention Among Egyptian Physicians,” Saf. Health Work, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 490–495, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.07.007.
S. Kisa, “Burnout among Physicians and Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic,” Eur. J. Environ. Public Heal., vol. 4, no. 2, p. em0055, 2020, doi: 10.29333/ejeph/8447.
N. M. D. Puspitawati and N. P. C. D. Atmaja, “How Job Stress Affect Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance in Four-Star Hotels,” Int. J. Appl. Bus. Int. Manag., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 25–32, 2021, doi: 10.32535/ijabim.v6i2.1168.
A. Sheraz, M. Wajid, M. Sajid, W. H. Qureshi, and M. Rizwan, “Antecedents of Job Stress and its impact on employee’s Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions,” Int. J. Learn. Dev., vol. 4, no. 2, 2014, doi: 10.5296/ijld.v4i2.6098.
F. Mobina, A. Urooj, J. Shaista, and F. Muhammad, “Impact of Workplace Ostracism on Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study from Pakistan,” Ammara SATTAR / J. Asian Financ., vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 265–0276, 2021, doi: 10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no11.0265.
