DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC, AND HUMAN WELL-BEING: THEIR INFLUENCE ON UNEMPLOYMENT RATE OF 34 PROVINCES  IN INDONESIA

Defriani Yolanda Utami; Armelly Armelly

Authors

Defriani Yolanda Utami Development Economics, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia
Armelly Armelly Development Economics, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia

Keywords:

Demographic Dividend, Dependency Ratio, Economic Growth, Human Development Index, Open Unemployment Rate

Abstract

The main objective of this research is to examine the influence of Demographic Dividend, Economic Growth, and Human Development Index on Unemployment Rate in Indonesia. This study utilized a quantitative approach and a descriptive research method. It focused on 34 Indonesian provinces over a 5-year period (2018-2022). Open unemployment rate is the dependent variable, while the three independent variables consist of demographic dividend (proxied by the dependency ratio), economic growth (proxied by the GRDP growth rate), and the Human Development Index. To address the research objectives and test the hypotheses, a panel data regression analysis method is used. The results revealed that all variables had a significant impact on the open unemployment rate. Demographic dividend and economic growth had a significant negative impact, while the Human Development Index had a significant positive impact. This research can assist the government and relevant organizations in crafting more effective economic and employment policies. For instance, understanding the positive impact of the Human Development Index can aid the government in enhancing the quality of life for the population, while grasping the negative impact of the demographic dividend (dependency ratio) on unemployment can aid in workforce training and job creation planning.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adioetomo, S., & Moertiningsih, S. (2005). Bonus Demografi. Menjelaskan Hubungan Antara Pertumbuhan Penduduk Dengan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Pidato Disampaikan pada Upacara Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar Tetap Dalam Bidang Ekonomi Kependudukan pada Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia.

Alrakhman, D., Susetyo, D., Taufiq, & Azwardi. (2022). Effect of Economic Growth on Unemployment Rate in Indonesia. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 5(2), 10132–10141. https://bircu-journal.com/index.php/birci/article/view/4811

Apriyono, T., & Nusa, Y. (2021). Pengaruh Investasi dan Dependecy Ratio terhadap Pengangguran di Kabupaten Mimika. Jurnal Kritis, 5(1), 81–94. http://ejournal.stiejb.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-kritis/article/view/156

Ardian, R., Syahputra, M., & Dermawan, D. (2022). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran di Indonesia. EBISMEN Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 1(3), 190–198.

Arizal, M., & Marwan, M. (2019). Pengaruh Produk Domestik Regional Bruto dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Ecogen, 2(3), 433. https://doi.org/10.24036/jmpe.v2i3.7414

Badan Pusat Statistik. (n.d.). Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Menurut Provinsi (Persen). BPS.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022). Analisis Profil Penduduk Indonesia. BPS.

Baihawafi, M., & Sebayang, A. F. (2023). Pengaruh Upah Minimum, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia dan Laju Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Pengangguran Terbuka. Jurnal Riset Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 3(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrieb.v3i1.1911

Freijat, S. Y. al, & Hammouri, Q. (2022). The Impact of Economic Growth on Unemployment in Jordan during the period 1980-2022. Central European Management Journal, 30(4), 1384–1391. https://doi.org/10.57030/23364890.cemj.30.4.139

Gerta, M. D. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh Inflasi, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Dependency Ratio terhadap Pengangguran di Indonesia. Universitas Andalas.

Hikmah, L., Imamah, N., & Fattah, A. (2021). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah Minimum dan Pendidikan terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran di Kabupaten dan Kota Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2015-2019. Bharanomics, 2(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.46821/bharanomics.v2i1.187

KOMINFO. (2015). Siapa Mau Bonus? Peluang Demografi Indonesia. KOMINFO.

Lamatenggo, O. F., Walewangko, E. N., & Layuck, I. A. . (2019). Pengaruh Inflasi, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia terhadap Pengangguran di Kota Manado. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 19(02), 162–172.

Prawira, S. (2018). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah Minimum Provinsi, dan Tingkat Pendidikan terhadap Pengangguran Terbuka di Indonesia. Jurnal Ecogen, 1(4), 162. https://doi.org/10.24036/jmpe.v1i1.4735

Purba, W., Nainggolan, P., & Panjaitan, P. D. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Inflasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Pengangguran di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ekuilnomi, 4(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.36985/ekuilnomi.v4i1.336

Samosir, O. B. (2019). Tipologi Bonus Demografi. Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia.

Sari, Y. U., & Aimon, H. (2019). Determinan Pengangguran Gender pada Negara Lower Middle Income di Asean. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 1(3), 494–958.

Soekapdjo, S., & Oktavia, M. R. (2021). Pengaruh Inflasi, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, dan Upah Minimum Provinsi terhadap Pengangguran di Indonesia. Jurnal Ecodemica Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 5(2), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.31294/eco.v5i2.10070

Sukirno, S. (1994). Makroekonomi Teori Pengantar. RajaGrafindo Persada.

Umam, A. K., & Wardhana, O. H. P. (2020). Investment, Debt Instruments and Economic Growth: Their Impact on the Unemployment Rate of OIC Countries in the Asian Region. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 6(2), 102–122. https://journal.uii.ac.id/JIELariba/article/view/15810

United Nations. (n.d.). The 17 Goals. https://sdgs.un.org/goals