The Influence Of CEO's Face Masculinity, CEO Narcissism, Gender Diversity, And CEO Overconfidence On Tax Aggressiveness

Indri Widya Saputri; Anisa Kusumawardani

Authors

Indri Widya Saputri Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Totalwin Semarang
Anisa Kusumawardani Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Totalwin Semarang

Keywords:

Tax Aggressiveness, Face Masculinity, Narcissism, Gender Diversity, Overconfidence

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered significant economic disruptions worldwide, including in Indonesia, where the government implemented tax incentives to support businesses. While these measures are intended to ease economic pressures, they have also sparked concerns regarding tax aggressiveness, particularly among Shariah compliant companies, which are expected to uphold higher ethical standards. This study examines the impact of CEO characteristics specifically facial masculinity, narcissism, overconfidence, and gender diversity on tax aggressiveness in companies listed on the Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI). Utilizing a sample of 390 firms selected through purposive sampling, the research applies SPSS for data analysis. The findings indicate that tax aggressiveness is negatively and insignificantly influenced by CEO facial masculinity, positively and insignificantly influenced by CEO narcissism, negatively and significantly influenced by gender diversity, and positively and significantly influenced by CEO overconfidence.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ambarsari, D., PRATOMO, D. and KURNIA, K. (2019) ‘Pengaruh Ukuran Dewan Komisaris, Gender Diversity pada Dewan, dan Kualitas Auditor Eksternal terhadap Agresivitas Pajak (Studi pada Perusahaan Sektor Property dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017)’, Jurnal ASET (Akuntansi Riset), 10(2), pp. 163–176. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v10i2.14991.

Amran, M. (2020) ‘The Effects of CEO Narcissism and Leverage on Tax Avoidance’, Jurnal Mirai Management, 5(1), pp. 293–304.

Araujo, V.C. et al. (2021) ‘Original Article CEO narcissism and corporate tax avoidance’, pp. 80–94. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202009800.

Bouaziz, D., Salhi, B. and Jarboui, A. (2020) ‘CEO characteristics and earnings management: empirical evidence from France’, Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 18(1), pp. 77–110. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-01-2019-0008.

Br Sihaloho, M., Muda, I. and Irawati, N. (2023) The Effect of Profitability, Leverage, Incentive, and Gender Diversity on Tax Avoidance in Coal Sub-sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022). Atlantis Press International BV. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4.

Chyz, J.A. et al. (2019) ‘Overconfidence and Corporate Tax Policy’, Review of Accounting Studies, 24(3), pp. 1114–1145. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-019-09494-z.

Doho, S.Z. and Santoso, E.B. (2020) ‘Pengaruh Karakteristik Ceo, Komisaris Independen, Dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak’, Media Akuntansi Dan Perpajakan Indonesia, 1(2), pp. 169–184. Available at: https://doi.org/10.37715/mapi.v1i2.1408.

Dyreng, S.D., Hanion, M. and Maydew, E.L. (2019) When Does Tax Avoidance Result in Tax Uncertainty?, American Accounting Asosiation.

Faradita, M.P. and Kurniawan, R. (2024) ‘Pengaruh Pengungkapan Environmental, Social, and Governance terhadap Agresivitas Pajak dengan Manajemen Laba Sebagai Variabel Mediasi’, AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Ekonomi & Bisnis, 4(1), pp. 207–216. Available at: https://doi.org/10.37481/jmeb.v4i1.692.

García-Meca, E., Ramón-Llorens, M.C. and Martínez-Ferrero, J. (2021) ‘Are narcissistic CEOs more tax aggressive? The moderating role of internal audit committees’, Journal of Business Research, 129(February), pp. 223–235. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.043.

Harymawan, I. et al. (2023) ‘Do more masculine-faced CEOs reflect more tax avoidance? Evidence from Indonesia’, Cogent Business and Management, 10(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2171644.

Hidhayana, N. and Suhardianto, N. (2021) ‘Pengaruh CEO Overconfidence Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak’, Journal of Accounting and Business, 6, pp. 50–62. Available at: https://repository.unair.ac.id/118612/1/NovrysS_Karil016_Hubungan-CEO.pdf.

Irmayanti, F. (2022) ‘Pengaruh kebijakan ceo terhadap tax avoidance serta earning management pada perusahaan property’, Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 2(3), pp. 12–18. Available at: https://jurnalsintaksis.com/index.php/sts/article/view/69.

Ishaqi, M.U. (2020) ‘Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility Dan Agresivitas Pajak Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan’, Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi [Preprint], (2018).

Iswahyudi et al. (2021) ‘Peran Ceo ’s Overconfidence Dan Company Performance Terhadap Return Saham Dimoderasi Dividend Policy Magister Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Pancasila PENDAHULUAN’, Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Tirtayasa, 06(01), pp. 35–47.

Jarboui, A., Kachouri Ben Saad, M. and Riguen, R. (2020) ‘Tax avoidance: do board gender diversity and sustainability performance make a difference?’, Journal of Financial Crime, 27(4), pp. 1389–1408. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-09-2019-0122.

Kamiya, S., Andy, Y.H. and Soohyun, K. (2018) ‘The face of risk : CEO facial masculinity and firm riske’. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/eufm.12175.

Kementrian Keuangan RI (2020) ‘Peraturan Menteri Keuangan, 86/PMK.03/2020 Menimbang Tentang Insentif Pajak Untuk Wajib Pajak Terdampak Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019.’

Kim, Y.H. (Andy), Park, J. and Shin, H. (2022) ‘CEO facial masculinity, fraud, and ESG: Evidence from South Korea’, Emerging Markets Review, 53. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2022.100917.

Kusumawardani, A. et al. (2023) ‘Pengaruh Self-Attribution Bias Dan Risk Perceptions Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Investor Pasar Modal’, Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 3(2), pp. 224–234. Available at: https://doi.org/10.55606/jurima.v3i2.2254.

Manuela, A. and Sandra, A. (2022) ‘Pengaruh Diversitas Gender Dalam Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, Dan Komite Audit, Serta Kepemilikan Manajerial Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak’, Journal of Applied Managerial Accounting, 6(2), pp. 187–203. Available at: https://doi.org/10.30871/jama.v6i2.4244.

Muhlis, A. (2024) ‘The Influence of CEO Narcissism and Sustainability Reporting on Tax Avoidance: Exploring Institutional Ownership as a Moderating Variable‏’, Jurnal.Fe.Umi.Ac.Id‏, 11(1), pp. 208–218. Available at: https://jurnal.fe.umi.ac.id/index.php/JMB/article/view/741.

Nisa, D.J.H., Kusumawati, N. and Afiah, E.T. (2023) ‘Analisis Perbandingan Agresivitas Pajak Sebelum Dan Sesudah Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Perusahaan Farmasi’, National Conference on Applied Business, Education, & Technology (NCABET), 3(1), pp. 33–46. Available at: https://doi.org/10.46306/ncabet.v3i1.104.

Nurmasari, I. (2020) ‘Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Perubahan Harga Saham dan Volume Transaksi (Studi Kasus Pada PT. Ramayana Lestari Sentosa, Tbk.)’, Jurnal SEKURITAS (Saham, Ekonomi, Keuangan dan Investasi), 3(3), p. 230. Available at: https://doi.org/10.32493/skt.v3i3.5022.

Prasetyo, I. et al. (2022) ‘The role of research & development as mediating the effect of male CEO masculinity face on earnings management: evidence from Indonesia’, Cogent Business and Management, 9(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2140491.

Pratomo, D., Nazar, M.R. and Pratama, R.A. (2022) ‘Pengaruh Inventory Intensity, Karakter Eksekutif, Karakteristik CEO Terhadap Tax Avoidance pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada Tahun 2016-2020’, Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 22(3), p. 1999. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i3.2871.

Putri, C.A. (2020) Sri Mulyani Sebut 451 Ribu Wajib Pajak Minta Insentif, CNBC Indonesia. Available at: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20201203192354-4-206723/sri-mulyani-sebut-451-ribu-wajib-pajak-minta-insentif.

Rahayu, V.N. (2021) Pengaruh Maskulinitas Terhadap Persepsi Etika Penggelapan Pajak dengan Religiusitas sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Survei pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Jawa Timur). Available at: https://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/185783/.

Randi, P.F. and Faradiza, S.A. (2022) ‘Pendeteksian Fraud pada Laporan Keuangan melalui Narsisme, Politisi CEO dan Kepemilikan Manajerial’, Akuntabilitas, 15(2), pp. 155–168. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15408/akt.v15i2.28833.

Rosaria, D. (2023) Chief Executive Officer Fenomena, Pergantian, dan Kinerja.

Salehi, M., Afzal Aghaei Naeini, A. and Rouhi, S. (2021) ‘The relationship between managers’ narcissism and overconfidence on corporate risk-taking’, TQM Journal, 33(6), pp. 1123–1142. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-07-2020-0168.

Sembiring, L.J. (2020) Update Sri Mulyani Soal Krisis Ekonomi Akibat Corona, Simak!, CNBC Indonesia. Available at: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200828104326-4-182671/update-sri-mulyani-soal-krisis-ekonomi-akibat-corona-simak.

Setyoningrum, D. and Zulaikha (2019) ‘Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility,Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak’, Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 8(3), p. 1. Available at: http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting.

Silalahi, D.E. and Ginting, R.R. (2020) ‘Strategi Kebijakan Fiskal Pemerintah Indonesia Untuk Mengatur Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran Negara Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19’, Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah), 3(2), pp. 156–167. Available at: https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v3i2.193.

Siregar, H.A. (2020) ‘Syariah And Conventional Shares Index Comparison During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Indonesia’, Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 4(3), pp. 289–297. Available at: http://www.ejournal.pelitaindonesia.ac.id/ojs32/index.php/BILANCIA/index.

Soemarsono, P.N. and Alkausar, B. (2019) ‘Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Earnings Management Sebagai Variabel Mediasi’, Jurnal Akuntansi Integratif, 5(2), pp. 129–137. Available at: https://jurnalfebi.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/JAI/article/view/184/177.

Spence, M. (1973) ‘Signaling Theory Spence1973’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(1), pp. 355–374. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1882010.

Suhaidar, Rosalina, E. and Pratiwi, A. (2021) ‘Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penghindaran Pajak Dampak Sebelum dan Selama Covid-19 Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur’, Conference on Economic and Business Innovation, 19(11), pp. 3–16.

Sutrisno, P. et al. (2022) ‘Founder and Descendant vs. Professional CEO: Does CEO Overconfidence Affect Tax Avoidance in the Indonesia Case?’, Economies, 10(12). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10120327.

Sutrisno, P. and Pirzada, K. (2020) ‘Are CEO Overconfidence and Audit Firm Size Related To Tax Avoidance ? Are CEO Overconfidence and Audit Firm Size Related To Tax Avoidance ?’, 2(April 2021). Available at: https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2020.5.2(3)CITATIONS.

Tonasa, M. et al. (2022) ‘Pengaruh Culture Hofstede Terhadap Fraud Akademik Mahasiswa Akuntansi’, Jurnal Riset Keuangan dan Akuntansi, 8(1), pp. 23–30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.25134/jrka.v8i1.6429.

Tuljannah, A. and Helmy, H. (2023) ‘Tax Avoidance: The Role of Managerial Ability and CEO Overconfidence’, Wahana Riset Akuntansi, 11(2), p. 141. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24036/wra.v11i2.124639.

Wicaksono, K. and Meita Oktaviani, R. (2021) Pengaruh Karakteristik Ceo Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Dalam Perusahaan Keluarga. Available at: http://jurnal.unsil.ac.id/index.php/jak.

Widyasari, P.A. and Gunawan, M.P. (2023) ‘APAKAH PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PENTING BAGI NARSISME DIREKTUR UTAMA?’, Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 14(1), pp. 1–12.