Characterization of Corona Plasma Ozone Generators and Analysis of Microbubble Ozone Size for Efficient Mass Transfer

Anggyta Fitryan; Junaidi Junaidi; Arif Surtono; Eko Yulianto; Eva Sasmita; Muhammad Nur; Ayu Aprilia; Nida Lidya Susanti; Ahmad Faruq Abdurrahman

Authors

Anggyta Fitryan Department of Physics, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Junaidi Junaidi Department of Physics, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Arif Surtono Department of Physics, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Eko Yulianto Center for Plasma Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Eva Sasmita Center for Plasma Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Muhammad Nur Center for Plasma Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Ayu Aprilia Department of Physics, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Nida Lidya Susanti Department of Physics, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Ahmad Faruq Abdurrahman Department of Physics, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

Keywords:

Ozone, Plasma, Corona Discharge, Microbubble Ozone, Mass Transfer

Abstract

This study aims to characterize the performance of a corona plasma ozone generator, measure the concentration of ozone produced, and analyze and compare the size of ozone microbubbles from two diffusers (C50 and C80) to evaluate the efficiency of ozone mass transfer. The method used was experimental with equipment including a VOSOCO ozone generator, Ozone Monitor, dimmer, high voltage probe, Kyoritsu ampere clamp, SANWA multimeter, flowmeter, aquarium, Apexel 12.5x macro lens, C50 and C80 diffusers, and an iPhone 11, with Python-based microbubble size analysis software for digital image processing. The results showed that the ozone generator operated at 1200 V with a linear relationship between voltage, current, and power, where the highest ozone concentration was achieved at a flow rate of 0.8 l/min. The C80 diffuser produced smaller and more homogeneous bubbles (average 3.37 µm) compared to the C50 (4.09 µm), increasing the specific surface area by 21.4% for better mass transfer efficiency. The innovation of this research lies in the development of a Python-based analysis system with an effective and affordable digital image processing approach to characterize ozone microbubble size, providing an accurate alternative for analyzing critical parameters for optimizing microbubble-based ozonation systems.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdurrahman, A. F., Aprilia, A., Zahar, I., Kusumandari, K., & Saraswati, T. E. (2025). Identifikasi Reactive Oxygen Species Pada Plasma Dielectric Barrier Discharge Konfigurasi Mesh-Copper Yang Dirangkai Single Dan Double Menggunakan Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Inovasi Fisika Indonesia, 14(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v14n1.p13-20

Aisyah, S., Zaenul, M., Fisika, D., Sains, F., & Diponegoro, U. (2017). Karakterisasi reaktor plasma berarus positif dengan konfigurasi elektroda multi garis-bidang. Youngster Physics Journal, 6(2), 139–142.

Anggraeni, N. P., Wardaya, A. Y., & Muhlisin, Z. (2022). Karakteristik Pembangkitan Lucutan Korona Arus Dc Negatif Dengan Konfigurasi Elektroda Dua Pisau Yang Membentuk Sudut Terhadap Bidang Pada Minyak Silikon. Berkala Fisika, 25(1), 1–6. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/berkala_fisika/article/view/46856

Azka, N., Cahya, G., Darma, E., & Vidia, V. G. (2022). Penerapan Plasma Pijar Korona sebagai Teknik Pengawetan Fisika. Bandung Conference Series:Pharmacy, 475–480.

Chang, J., Lawless, P. A., & Yamamoto, T. (1991). Corona Discharge Processes. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 19(6), 1152–1166.

Charis Munajib, Asep Yoyo Wardaya, Z. M. dan I. G. (2022). Analisis Fenomena Elektrohidrodinamik Menggunakan Plasma Lucutan Korona DC Positif dengan Konfigurasi Elektroda Mata Pahat dan Titik Tengah-Bidang pada Minyak Kelapa Sawit Charis. Berkala Fisika, 25(4), 135–143.

Djayanti, S. (2013). Perakitan dan Aplikasi Reaktor Plasma Dielektrik Barier Discharge untuk Mereduksi Emisi SO2 dari hasil pembakaran minyak industri. In Jurnal Riset Industri (Vol. 7, Issue 3, pp. 231–242).

Faruq Abdurrahman, A., Manurung, P., Firdaus, I., & Dwi Asmi, D. (2025). Corona Discharge Sebagai Teknologi Sterilisasi Ramah Lingkungan Untuk Pengendalian Bakteri. Jurnal Fisika: Fisika Dan Aplikasnya, 10(1), 2657–1900.

Firmansyah, I., Prihastanti, E., Widodo, S., Suedy, A., & Muhlisin, Z. (2024). Effect of Corona Discharge Plasma Radiation on the Viability of True Shallot Seeds ( Allium cepa L . var . aggregatum ). Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung, 13(2), 485–492.

Fitriani, F., Nur, M., & Arianto, F. (2017). Karakteristik plasma lucutan berpenghalang dielektrik isian gas Nitrogen. Youngster Physics Journal, 6(3), 229–234.

Gonçalves-magalh, C., Antonino, R. D., Cecon, P. R., Alencar, E. R. De, Vinícius, M., Silva, D. A., Aparecida, A., Rodrigues, Z., Lurdes, G., Massango, L., & Joaquim, M. (2025). Efficiency of Ozonated Water Treatment with a Microbubble System for Sanitization and Preservation of Postharvest Quality of Acerolas. Foods, 14(1814), 1–26.

Istiqomah, M. N. dan F. A. (2017). Karakterisasi Reaktor Plasma Lucutan Berpenghalang Dielektrik Berkonfigurasi Elektroda Spiral-Silinder Dengan Sumber Udara Bebas. Youngster Physics Journal, 6(3), 235–241.

John, A., Brookes, A., Carra, I., Jefferson, B., & Jarvis, P. (2025). Understanding the difference between the nano and micro bubble size distributions generated by a regenerative turbine microbubble generator using ozone. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 70(December 2024), 106963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106963

John, A., Carra, I., Jefferson, B., Bertolaso, L., Brookes, A., & Jarvis, P. (2024). Enhancement of ozonation using microbubbles – Micropollutant removal , mass transfer and bromate formation. Chemical Engineering Science, 283(October 2023), 119369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2023.119369

Khuntia, S., Majumder, S. K., & Ghosh, P. (2012). Microbubble-aided water and wastewater purification : a review. Reviews in Chemical Engineering, 28(4–6), 191–221. https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2012-0007

Kusumandari, K., Saraswati, T. E., & Saputri, N. S. (2019). Lucutan Plasma Pijar Korona dengan Variasi Tegangan untuk Degradasi Metilen Biru. Indonesian Journal of Applied Physics, 9(1), 34–40.

M.Nur, A. Y. W. (2010). Analisis Medan Listrik pada Plasma. Berkala Fisika, 13(4), 139–144.

Meilina Sari, I., Prawanto, A., Nurfitri Sari, K., & Ansiska, P. (2023). Pengaruh Teknik Ozonisasi dan Durasi Perlakuan terhadap Kesegaran Produk Hortikultura Cabai(Capsicum annum L.) (The Effect of Ozonation Technique and Treatment Duration on The Freshness of Horticultural Product Chili (Capsicum. Jurnal Agroqua, 21(1), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v%25vi%25i.3632

Muhammad, N. (2011). Fisika Plasma dan Aplikasinya. In Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro Semarang (Issue April).

Nadzifah, U., & Prihastanti, E. (2019). Pengaruh radiasi plasma pijar korona terhadap viabilitas, laju perkecambahan, dan morfologi kecambah biji bayam cabut (Amaranthus tricolor L.). Jurnal Biologi Tropika, 2(1), 28–33. https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jbt/article/view/5030

Nur, M., Saraslifah, & Arianto, F. (2016). Pengaruh Ozon yang Dibangkitkan Melalui Reaktor Plasma Berpenghalang Dielektrik Elektroda Silinder Spiral Terhadap Pengawetan Cabai. Youngster Physics Journal, 5(4), 319–326.

Pamungkas, A., Anggraini, I. N., Rosa, M. K. A., & Herawati, A. (2020). Aplikasi Lucutan Plasma Corona Dalam Pengolahan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Amplifier, 10(2), 9–14.

Prima, V., Nur, M., Fisika, D., Sains, F., & Diponegoro, U. (2018). Analisis mobilitas pembawa muatan pada lucutan plasma korona positif konfigurasi kawat silinder menggunakan gas nitrogen. Youngster Physics Journal, 07(1), 19–24.

Purwadi, A., Usada, W., & Sukmajaya, S. (2002). Penentuan Produk Ozon Optimum Pada Ozonizer Plasma. Prosiding P3TM-BATAN.

Rijal, S., & Nur, M. (2015). Analisa Pengaruh Ozonisasi Hasil Lucutan Plasma Berpenghalang Dielektrik Pada Beras Terhadap Perubahan Amilografi, Kekerasan, dan Warna. Youngster Physics Journal, 4(1), 61–66.

Sefvia, H. H. (2024). Review Artikel: Aplikasi Teknologi Ozon Pada Pengawetan Cabai Merah. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan, 8(1), 5–6. www.ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/tekpangan.

Susan, A. I., T, A. S., Widodo, M., & Nur, M. (2016). Kajian Kelistrikan Plasma Pijar Korona Menggunakan Elektroda Multi Titik-Bidang dalam Perlakuan Tekstil. Arena Tekstil, 31(1), 11–16.

Triadyaksa, P., Wasiq, J., & Nur, M. (2007). Rancang Bangun Dan Pengujian Sistem Reaktor Plasma Lucutan Pijar Korona Guna Mempercepat Pertumbuhan Tanaman Mangrove. Berkala Fisika, 10(3), 137-144–144.

Yufei, S., Shuili, Y., Chao, G., Yue, W., Wangzhen, Y., & Li-an, H. (2017). A Review of Microbubble and its Applications in Ozonation A Review of Microbubble and its Applications in Ozonation. IOP Conference Series: Energy and Environmental Science, 1–6.