The Role of Social Companions in the Success of PKH Independent Prosperous Graduation: a Study in Pedes District, Karawang
Kata Kunci:
Conditional Cash Transfer, Behavior Change, Family Hope Program.Abstrak
Graduation Mandiri is a measure of the success of the Family Hope Program (PKH) which can make participants graduate independently. This objective positions the PKH facilitator as an essential change agent for the program is success. As a result, this study will explain in detail how PKH facilitators might encourage benefit families (KPM) to graduate on their own. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. There were 11 research informants, which included program participants including mentors, independent graduate students, and the government. According to the study's findings, the facilitator plays four different roles: one that is facilitative by encouraging KPM PKH to meet their basic needs and increase the productivity of benefits who have graduated on their own; two that are educational by enhancing knowledge and hard skills through Family Development Session programs and vocational trainings; three that are represented by establishing connections between KPM and different source systems that can help them grow their businesses; and are technical by encouraging KPMs to improve their own performance.
Referensi
Acosta, P. A., & Velarde, R. (2015). “Sa Pantawid, Malapit nang Makatawid!”; (With Pantawid, we are closer to getting out of poverty!) An Update of the Philippine Conditional Cash Transfer’s Implementation Performance. Philippines Social Protection Note, (8), 1–12. Retrieved from www.worldbank.org.
Akatiga dan Kementerian Sosial. 2014. Mixed Method Process Monitoring and Evaluation of Family Development Session (FDS) in Indonesia’s PKH Program. Jakarta.
Amin, A. R. (2010). Analisis Peran Pendamping Dalam Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Pada Suku Dinas Sosial Jakarta Utara. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Bappenas. (2008). Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH): Two Case Studies on Implementing the Indonesian Conditional Cash Transfer Program. (5), 1–43. Retrieved from http://www.bappenas.go.id/get-file-server/node/7315
Bappenas. (2008). Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH): Two Case Studies on Implementing the Indonesian Conditional Cash Transfer Program. (5), 1–43. Retrieved from http://www.bappenas.go.id/get-file-server/node/7315.
Barker, R, L. (1987). The Social Work Dictionary. National Assosiation of Social Workers, Maryland: Silver Spring.
Casiavera. (2019). Strategi Peserta Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Mempertahankan Status Pesertanya: Studi Nagari Punggasan Timur Kecamatan Linggosari Baganti Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Jurnal Masyarakat Maritim, 3(2), pp 10-25. DOI : 10.31629/jmm.v3i2.1716.
Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research Design Pendekatan Kualitatif, kunatitatif dan Mixed. Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y, S. (2009). Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Ekantiningsih, P. D. ((2017). Pelaksanaan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Family Development Session di BBPPKS Yogyakarta. E-Jurnal Prodi Pendidikan Teknologi Pendidikan, 6(6).
Fadliyaturrohmah. “Graduasi Mandiri Dari PKH”. Program studi Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies Konsentrasi Pekerjaan Sosial Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2018.
Handler, Joel F. and Yeheskel Hasenfeld. (2007). Blame Welfare: Ignore Poverty and Inequality. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
Hanif, A. (2016). An Analysis of Poverty Reduction Program Based on the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) (A Case of the Family Hope Program Implementation in Pandak Bantul District 2014). JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan Dan Administrasi Publik), 20(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkap.12557
Hanif. (2015). Mewujudkan Program Kelauarga Harapan (PKH) Yang Lebih Bermakna: Analisa Gender Terhadap Implementasi PKH di Kabupaten Siduarjo (Jawa Timur) dan Kabupaten Bima (NTB)”. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. Jakarta.
Hashemi, S.M., & Montesquiou, A.A. (2011). Reaching the Poorest: Lessons from the Graduation model. Focus Note 34. Washington, D.C: CGAP.
Ife, J., & Tesoriero, F. (2008). Community Development: Alternatif Pengembangan Masyarakat di Era Globalisasi Community Development. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, hlm.558.
Inter-American Development Bank. (2015). Moving ahead: Recertification and Exit Strategies in Conditional Cash Transfer Programs. Inter American Development Bank.
Ishartono, I., Rusyidi, B., & Raharjo, S. T. (2017). Potret Orang Miskin Dari Perspektif Kekuatan. Share : Social Work Journal, 7(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v7i1.13816.
Istiana, Hermwati. 2012. Dampak Program Pengetasan Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Jayapura. Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan
JAUNA, , Agus Fiadi, and Neni Triana.2021. DAMPAK PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH) TERHADAP KEMISKINAN DI DESA TELUK KABUPATEN BATANG HARI PROVINSI JAMBI. Diss. UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
Khoiriyah, N., & Kunarti, K. (2019). Graduasi Mandiri: Bentuk Keberdayaan Penerima Manfaat (Kpm) Program Keluarga Harapan (Pkh) Di Kabupaten Pati. Komunitas, 10(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.20414/komunitas.v10i2.1216
Kholis, N. (2019) “Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Pengentasan Kemiskinan Melalui Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Di Kecamatan Tanah Merah Kabupaten Bangkalan”. Universitas Airlangga, 2019.
Kuntjorowati, E., Ikawati, I., Murtiwidayanti, S. Y., & Udiati, T. (2019). Conditional Cash Transfer Breaks the Chain of Poverty for Next Generation. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 9(3), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijhss.v9n3p16.
Lahuo, F. R. (2010). Evaluasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Di Kabupaten Bone Bolango Provinsi Gorontalo. Thesis. Universitas Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
Lestari, Widia, (2019). Pemberdayaan Rumah Tangga menuju Kemandirian melalui Modal sosial pada Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
Miles, B. Mathew dan Michael Huberman. 1992. Analisis Data Kualitatif Buku
Nainggolan, T., dkk. (2012). Program Keluarga Harapan Di Indonesia: Dampak Pada Rumah Tangga Sangat Miskin di Tujuh Provinsi. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehjahteraan Sosial (P3KS) Press, Jakarta.
Nunung Nurwati. 2008. “Kemiskinan : Model Pengukuran, Permasalahan dan Alternatif Kebijakan”. Jurnal Kependudukan Padjadjaran, Vol. 10, No. 1, Januari 2008 : 1 – 11
Ozer, E. J., Fernald, L. C. H. C., Manley, J. G., Gertler, P. J., Balacuit, C. V., de Janvry, A., … Davis, B. (2006). Contributing Factors in Basic Education through 4Ps (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program) Implementation. Development Policy Review, 20(1), 513–536. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhj002
Parker, S. W., & Todd, P. E. (2017). Conditional cash transfers: The case of progresa/oportunidades. Journal of Economic Literature, 55(3), 866–915. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151233.
Parson, et. Al, 1994. The Integration Of Social Work Practice, California Wardworth.inc.
Parsons, et, al. (1994). The Integration of Social Work Practice, California Wardworth.inc.
Patton, M. Q. (2009). Metode Evaluasi Kualitatif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Puspitawati, H. (2010). Analisis Struktural Equation Modelling Tentang Relasi Gender, Tingkat Stres, dan Kualtas Perkawinan Pada Keluarga Pnerima Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Yinyang Jurnal studi Islam, Gender dan anak, 5 (2), 328-345. Retrived from http://ejournal.iainpurwokerto.ac.id/index.php/yinyang/article/view/278
Putri, D. (2014). Pelaksanaan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Dalam Peningkatan Kesehatan daN Pendidikan Rumah Tangga Sangat Miskin (RTSM) Di Umbulharjo Kota Yogyakarta. Universitas Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
Raharjo, P., & Program, P. (2015). the Effects of the Implementation of the Family of Hope Program Policy on the Quality of Education and Health Service of Poor Family in East Jakarta. International Journal of Education, 8(2), 114–128. https://doi.org/10.17509/ije.v8i2.5318.
Raharjo, S.T. (2016). Asesmen dan Wawancara dalam Praktik Pekerjaan Sosial dan Kesejahteraan Sosial. Unpad Press: Bandung.
Raharjo. (2016) Mix Method Process Monitoring and Evaluation Of The Family Depelopment Session (FDS) In Indonesian’s PKH Program. AKATIGA: AKATIGA.
Rahmadhani, P.E., & Mulyana, N. (2020). Peran Pendamping Dalam Pengembangan Usaha Kecil Kelompok Binaan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Di Desa Lebakagung Kecamatan Karawangpawitan Kabupaten Garut. Jurnal Kolaborasi dan Resolusi Konflik, 2,(1). Hlm 1-73. DOI : https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v2i1.27049
Rahmawati, E.,&Kisworo, B. (2017). Peran Pendamping dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Miskin melalui Program Keluarga Harapan. Journal of Nonformal Education and Cummunity Empowerment, 1 (2), 161-169. DOI : 10.15294/pls.v1i2.16271.
Riccio, J., & Miller, C. (2016). NEW YORK CITY ’ S FIRST CONDITIONAL Cash Transfer Program. Social Science Research Network Working Paper Series, (May). Retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstract=2821765.
Segal. E.A., Gerdes. K.E., & Steiner, S. (2019). An Introduction to The Profession of Social Work Sixth Edition. Cangage Learning.
Setyawardani, Diyah Tri Rezki, Cornelius J. Paat, and Lisbeth Lesawengen.2020. "Dampak bantuan PKH terhadap masyarakat miskin di kelurahan Bumi Nyiur kecamatan Wanea kota Manado." HOLISTIK, Journal Of Social and Culture.
Sheafor, B.W. & Horejsi, C.R. (2003). Techniques and Guidelines for Social Work. Practice. Sixth Edition. Pearson Education, USA.
Sheafor, B.W., & Horejsi, C. R. (2002). Techniques And Guidelines For Social Work Practice 6th Edition. Pearson Education. Inc.United States of Amirica.
Suharto, E. (2015). Peran Perlindungan Sosial Dalam Mengatasi Kemiskinan Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Program Keluarga Harapan. Sosiohumaniora, 17(1).
Suharto, Edi. 2010. Kemiskinan dan Perlindungan Sosial di Indonesia. Bandung: Alfabeta
Sukri, S.A. (2020). Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Terhadap Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) Di Kota Pekanbaru. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Syarif Kasim Riau.
Sumber Tentang Metode-metode Baru. Jakarta: UIP.
Suntiana, L. (2015). Rancangan Model Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Dalam Perspektif Pemberdayaan Perempuan (Kajian Terhadap Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan di Kecamatan Sumberbaru Kabupaten Jember. Universitas Brawijaya.
Tan, Ngoh-Tiong & Envall, E. (2000). Sosial Work: Challenges in the Millenium. Switzerland: IFSW Press.
Virgoreta, D. A. (2015). Implemantasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat (Studi pada Desa Beji Kecamatan Jenu, Kabupaten Tuban. Universitas Brawijaya Malang.
Yanti, F.Y., & Adi, I.R. (2020). Analisis Proses Terhadap Strategi Graduasi Keluarga Penerima Manfaat Program Keluarga Harapan Di Kabupaten Cianjur Dalam Kerangka Result Based Management. Empati Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, 9(2), 147-163. DOI: 10.15408/empati.v9i2.18133.
Zastrow, C. (2009). The Practice of Social Work: A Comprehensive Worktext. Cengage Learning.
Zastrow, C., & Kirst-Ashman, K.K. (2007). Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment. Thomson Brooks/Cole. United States of America.
Zastrow, Charles (2000).Introduction to Social work and social welfare. pacifi Grove: Brooks/Cole
DOCUMENT
Undang-undang Nomor. 11 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesejahteraan Sosial.
Permensos RI Nomor 1 Tahun 2018 tentang Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH).
Rancangan Teknorkartik RPJMN 2020-2024, BAPPENAS Tahun 2019.
Laporan Dinas Sosisal Kabupaten Karawang Tahun 2019.
Laporan Badan Pusat Statistik Tahun 2024.











