Analysis of MARPOL 73/78 Annex V Policy in Controlling Dry Bulk Residues on Cargo Ships at Gresik Port Terminal
Keywords:
MARPOL Annex V, Dry Bulk Residues, Maritime PolicyAbstract
Maritime pollution from dry bulk cargo residues threatens marine ecosystems and requires strict control through the international convention MARPOL 73/78 Annex V. To analyze the implementation effectiveness of MARPOL 73/78 Annex V policy in controlling dry bulk residues on cargo vessels at Gresik Port Terminal, identify barriers, and formulate recommendations for compliance enhancement. Descriptive qualitative research utilizing direct observation techniques, in-depth interviews with ship crews and port officials, and documentation study on five dry bulk cargo vessels. Results: Implementation effectiveness reached 79% (good category) with highest compliance on regulatory documentation availability (100%) but constrained by port waste reception facilities infrastructure (40%) and residue management systems (76%). Primary barriers include limited storage capacity, waste separation complexity, and crew competency gaps. Optimization requires strengthened enforcement, integrated infrastructure development, technical standardization, and human resource capacity enhancement through multi-stakeholder collaboration.
References
M. A. Wanadi, F. S. Schouten, W. Handoko, W. Seno, Y. Rizal, and G. T. Indra, “The Role of MARPOL Annex V Implementation in Reducing Marine Litter in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities,” Meteor Stip Marunda, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 100–129, 2021.
S. Sabila, S. W. Utomo, and H. Agustina, “Environmental Governance in Response to Pollution Threats from Dry Bulk Cargo Spill Accidents at Sea,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 1111, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1111/1/012088.
A. Y. Kyew, “Environmental Challenges of Shipwreck Removal: A MARPOL Perspective,” Collaborate Engineering Daily Book Series, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 83–90, 2024, doi: 10.62012/collaborate.v2i2.74.
M. Riadh, “Evaluating the Environmental and Economic Impacts of MARPOL Compliance in the Global Shipping Industry,” Collaborate Engineering Daily Book Series, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 98–104, 2024, doi: 10.62012/collaborate.v2i2.70.
C. Zhang and J. Q. Yang, “Prevention and control of ship-source pollution in the Arctic shipping routes: challenges and countermeasures,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 31, no. 28, pp. 40436–40444, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30817-w.
H. Palippui, “Environmental Performance of the Shipping Industry: A Case Study of MARPOL Violations,” Collaborate Engineering Daily Book Series, vol. 2, no. 2, 2024.
G. Pangalos, “Financing for a Sustainable Dry Bulk Shipping Industry: What Are the Potential Routes for Financial Innovation in Sustainability and Alternative Energy in the Dry Bulk Shipping Industry?,” Journal of Risk and Financial Management, vol. 16, no. 2, 2023, doi: 10.3390/jrfm16020101.
Capt. A. Arvind Mohite, “Sustainable management of MARPOL 73/78 Annex II Noxious liquid substance Wastes generated from Chemical Tankers at Indian Ports,” in OCEANS 2022 - Chennai, IEEE, Feb. 2022, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/OCEANSChennai45887.2022.9775395.
I. M. A. Nugraha, “ASSESSMENT OF WASTE HANDLING PRACTICES ON SHIPS OPERATING IN THE COASTAL REGION OF EAST NUSA TENGGARA,” Jurnal Perikanan Unram, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 2129–2137, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.29303/jp.v15i4.1702.
A. Rangga, D. H. Putra, M. D. Radiansyah, and A. D. Muttaqin, “Preparedness of KSOP officers in preventing and managing ship-generated waste under MARPOL 73/78 Annex V: A case study of Tanjung Perak Main Port, Indonesia,” JOURNAL OF MARINE RESOURCES AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE LIFE AND UTILIZATION, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 49–56, Aug. 2025.
M. A. Wanadi, F. S. Schouten, W. Handoko, W. Seno, Y. Rizal, and G. T. Indra, “METEOR STIP MARUNDA The Role of MARPOL Annex V Implementation in Reducing Marine Litter in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities,” METEOR, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 23–27, Jun. 2025, [Online]. Available: http://ejournal.stipjakarta.ac.id
D. Tri, J. Kandasamy, and N. C. Don, “Quantitative Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of Dredging and Dumping Activities at Sea,” Applied Sciences, vol. 9, pp. 1–20, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.3390/app9081703.
B. Bustamin, J. Purnomo, I. Ismail, M. Rijal, and A. D. Noegraha, The Effectiveness of MARPOL Annex V Implementation on Ferry Ships in Parepare Harbor, no. ICMaD. Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. doi: 10.2991/978-94-6463-628-4_6.
G. C. Papadopoulou, K. A. Chrysafis, I. N. Theotokas, and I. G. Bissias, “Reducing the environmental footprint of cruise ships during normal operations: a fuzzy multi-criteria approach,” Journal of Shipping and Trade, vol. 11, no. 1, 2026, doi: 10.1186/s41072-025-00222-2.
C. Serra-Gonçalves, J. L. Lavers, H. L. Tait, A. M. Fischer, and A. L. Bond, “Assessing the effectiveness of MARPOL Annex V at reducing marine debris on Australian beaches,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 191, no. November 2022, p. 114929, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114929.
F. Ardiany, A. Palapa, and Y. Frastika, “Efektivitas Penerapan MARPOL ’ 78 Annex V di Kapal Umsini,” no. April, pp. 1–11, 2025.
D. Purwitasari, R. N. Siahaan, D. Sutralinda, and R. F. Setiawan, “Analisa Akar Masalah Dalam Penerapan Marpol Annex V Pada Penanganan Limbah Sampah Di Kapal Mt. Bumi Indonesia,” Jurnal 7 Samudra, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 2024, doi: 10.54992/7samudra.v9i1.156.
M. H. F. Alam and R. R. Bimantoro, “Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 Annex I on the prevention of oil spills at Nilam Terminal, Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya,” Journal Of Marine Resources And Coastal Management, vol. 4, no. 2, 2023.
