Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia (JIM-ID)

Implementation of Spaced Repetition Using the SuperMemo 2 Algorithm in Memorizing Qur’anic Verses

2026-03-09T08:52:42+00:00

By memorizing the verses of the Al-Qur'an a Muslim can get many virtues. However, there is one of the problems experienced by memorizing the Al-Qur'an, namely forgetting. The forgetting curve can show how quickly people forget information if they do nothing to retain the memory of the information. SuperMemo 2 is an algorithm that applies the concept of repetition and gives a certain time interval in remembering information. With the aim that the information is entered into long term memory. In the process of collecting data in this research, literature study is carried out, namely data collection techniques carried out by seeking information and knowledge sourced from books, scientific journals and other literature related to research. Based on the results of the discussion and trials that have been carried out, it is concluded that the implementation of spaced repetition using the SuperMemo 2 algorithm can run well. With the help of the Dart programming language and the Flutter SDK framework, SuperMemo 2 can be implemented and built into an application on the Android operating system. The Dart programming language is used to implement the SuperMemo 2 algorithm in the program so that it can generate interval values. Determining the interval value by the SuperMemo 2 algorithm can run well because of the influence of the ease factor which makes the interval dynamic. This allows the interval to change and adjust its value to the user's memorization ability. The interval value generated from the SuperMemo 2 algorithm will assist application users in scheduling an effective time for memorizing verses of the Qur'an.

Classification of Traffic Accident Levels in West Java Using the K-Means Algorithm

2026-03-12T13:24:12+00:00

Traffic accidents are an important factor in improving public safety in West Java Province, because the population movement rate there is very high. The high number of accidents is directly related to increased deaths and material losses, but the use of historical data is still limited to administrative archiving tasks without any process of identifying regional vulnerability patterns. This study aims to classify accident-prone areas using Data Mining techniques and the K-Means Clustering algorithm, as well as applying the CRISP-DM framework approach. The analyzed dataset comes from the Indonesian National Police Traffic Accident Database (Pusiknas Polri) for the period 2020 to 2025, consisting of 552 observations with indicator variables covering the number of fatalities, serious injuries, and minor injuries. The determination of the most appropriate number of clusters was tested using the Silhouette method to ensure more accurate and objective modeling results. The analysis shows that the number of clusters (k=3) is the most appropriate, with a Silhouette metric value of 0.398. The application of the model produces three levels of risk: the red zone, which indicates high risk with 51 cases and the highest mortality rate; the yellow zone, which indicates moderate risk with 189 cases; and the green zone, which indicates low risk with 312 cases. The visualization of these mapping results is expected to be an important tool for the police and local governments in formulating mitigation policies, improving patrol efficiency, and accelerating infrastructure improvements in high-risk areas, thereby reducing the number of accidents in the future.

A Resilience Assessment Framework for Hybrid Monolithic-Microservices Systems: A Comparative Case Study of Odoo ERP Integration

2026-04-01T23:08:58+00:00

The migration of traditional monolithic Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to modern architectures often results in complex hybrid systems where a core monolith coexists with new microservices. These hybrid models present significant challenges in ensuring end-to-end reliability and observability. This paper proposes and validates a systematic framework for identifying, analyzing, and resolving performance bottlenecks in such environments, targeting the ISO/IEC 25010 reliability sub-characteristics: Maturity, Availability, Fault Tolerance, and Recoverability. Employing a quantitative pre-test/post-test methodology, a hybrid Odoo-NestJS system was instrumented with a comprehensive observability stack and subjected to targeted stress tests using k6. Baseline tests revealed critical vulnerabilities, including a 7.80% failure rate during resource-intensive requests and severe cascading failures. By implementing targeted architectural interventions, namely asynchronous worker pools, request timeouts, and retry patterns, the optimized system achieved a 100% reduction in processing failures, doubled its throughput, and reduced user-facing downtime errors by 88%. The findings validate that specific operational patterns provide substantial, quantifiable improvements to system stability in a hybrid monolithic-microservice context.

Product Photography and Digital Content Strategies for Strengthening Digital Business

2026-03-10T12:39:19+00:00

The rapid growth of the digital economy has encouraged micro and small enterprises to adopt digital platforms for marketing and business development. However, many digital businesses still face challenges in presenting products effectively due to limited visual quality and unstructured digital content strategies. This study aims to analyze the role of product photography in improving product visual quality and to identify effective digital content strategies that strengthen digital business performance and competitiveness. The research employed a qualitative approach using secondary data derived from 30 relevant scientific articles related to digital marketing, visual communication, and digital entrepreneurship. The collected literature was analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify conceptual patterns linking visual presentation, consumer perception, digital engagement, and marketing outcomes. The findings reveal three main results. First, high-quality product photography significantly improves visual perception and increases perceived product value in digital marketplaces. Second, professional product images enhance consumer trust and stimulate higher engagement through increased attention and interaction with digital content. Third, structured digital content strategies such as engaging visual content, targeted messaging, and active consumer interaction expand online visibility and improve brand performance. These findings indicate that the integration of professional product photography and strategic digital content management functions as a key mechanism for strengthening consumer engagement, increasing purchasing intentions, and improving the competitiveness of digital businesses. Therefore, visual marketing and well-structured digital communication strategies are essential components for supporting sustainable digital business development.

The Role of Halal Awareness in Encouraging the Implementation of Halal Certification MSMEs

2026-03-10T12:37:47+00:00

The rapid development of the halal industry has increased the need for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to comply with halal standards through the implementation of halal certification. However, many MSME actors still face challenges in adopting halal certification due to limited understanding and awareness of halal principles in business practices. This study aims to analyze the role of halal awareness in encouraging the implementation of halal certification among MSMEs. The research employs a qualitative approach using secondary data obtained from academic publications, institutional reports, and related documents concerning halal awareness and MSME development. The data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis to identify patterns and conceptual relationships regarding halal awareness and certification adoption. The findings indicate that halal awareness plays a significant role in encouraging MSMEs to implement halal certification, particularly through the interaction of religious commitment, knowledge of halal standards, market demand, and perceived business credibility. MSME actors who possess stronger awareness of halal principles tend to view halal certification not merely as a regulatory requirement but as a strategic instrument to enhance consumer trust, strengthen product credibility, and expand market competitiveness. This study concludes that strengthening halal awareness among MSME actors is a crucial factor in supporting the sustainable implementation of halal certification and the development of a more inclusive halal ecosystem.

Bibliometric Analysis of Consumer Behavior in Sustainable Fashion: Trends, Insights, and Future Direction

2026-01-08T17:13:44+00:00

Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the environmental and social impacts of their purchasing choices, prompting in-depth research into consumer behavior in sustainable fashion. This study analyzes research trends in consumer behavior in sustainable fashion using bibliometric methods to identify key topics, patterns of researcher collaboration, and future research directions. Using a PRISMA-based systematic literature review methodology, data from 514 publications (2015-2025) were downloaded from Scopus and analyzed in RStudio using the Bibliometrix package to visualize citation networks, author collaborations, and keyword trends. Results revealed three dominant topics: “Sustainability” (192 publications), “Sustainable Fashion” (112 publications), and “Consumption Behavior” (109 publications), with an annual growth rate of 27.91%. International collaboration reached 26.26%, with significant contributions from leading universities such as Yonsei University and Sapienza Università di Roma, as well as institutions from the United States, Italy, and China. In conclusion, although understanding of consumer behavior in sustainable fashion has grown rapidly, future research should prioritize circular economy models, the influence of social media, consumer willingness to pay, and the adoption of sustainable consumption patterns in developing countries to drive the fashion industry's transition towards global sustainability.

Enhancing the Local Community Economy through Financial Transactions: The Contribution of the Rupiah and the Kina

2026-02-24T07:51:37+00:00

This study aims to examine the contribution of the Indonesian Rupiah and the Papua New Guinean Kina in financial transactions and their role in enhancing the local economy in border communities. The research is grounded in the economic phenomenon observed in the Skouw Sae border area, where daily financial transactions are not solely dependent on the national currency but also involve a neighboring country’s currency as an adaptive response to cross-border economic dynamics. A descriptive qualitative approach with a field research design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation involving local business actors, cross-border traders, and community members engaged in dual-currency transactions. The data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns, mechanisms, and economic implications of dual-currency usage. The findings reveal that the dual-currency financial transaction system contributes positively to transaction intensity, local money circulation, market accessibility, and community purchasing power. Rather than generating economic instability, the use of both currencies functions as an adaptive mechanism that strengthens local economic resilience. This study provides empirical and theoretical contributions to border economy literature and offers policy-relevant insights for designing context-sensitive and inclusive local economic development strategies.

Analysis of Security Management for Passenger Services at the Tanjung Priok Port Passenger Terminal

2026-03-18T14:20:19+00:00

This research is motivated by the strategic role of Tanjung Priok Port as a national economic gateway that faces complex security challenges, especially during peak passenger traffic periods. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship and influence of security management on passenger service and to formulate service optimization strategies. The method used is a mixed method approach with a sequential explanatory design, which integrates quantitative data from 100 respondents via questionnaires with qualitative data from in-depth interviews and field observations. The results show a strong positive relationship (r=0.780) between security management and passenger service, with a contribution of 60.8%. However, the qualitative analysis reveals a decoupling phenomenon where the implementation of SOPs becomes situational during times of surge in operations to avoid queues, and the paradigm of officers who are still militaristic, which reduces passenger psychological comfort. The study concludes that physical security assurance does not automatically increase satisfaction if it is not accompanied by dimensions of empathy and friendly service. These findings imply the importance of transforming human resource competencies towards hospitality-based security and structuring technological infrastructure to create a balance between international security standards and excellent service.

A Juridical Analysis of the Overlapping Authorities of the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK) and the Finance and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) in Auditing State Finances (An Analysis of Supreme Court Decision No. 886 K/Pid.Sus/2019)

2026-03-06T13:58:55+00:00

This thesis examines the juridical analysis of overlapping authority between the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan/BPK) and the Finance and Development Supervisory Agency (Badan Pengawas Keuangan dan Pembangunan/BPKP) in conducting state financial audits, with particular reference to Supreme Court Decision Number 886 K/Pid.Sus/2019. The study is motivated by the existence of dual audit results issued by BPK and BPKP concerning the same audit object, which resulted in significantly different calculations of state financial losses and raised issues of legal uncertainty in corruption law enforcement. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Primary legal materials consist of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, laws and regulations governing state financial audits, presidential regulations concerning BPKP, and relevant judicial decisions, particularly the Supreme Court ruling under study. Secondary legal materials include legal doctrines, scholarly writings, and journal articles. Data are analyzed qualitatively using deductive legal reasoning. he findings reveal that constitutionally and statutorily, BPK holds exclusive authority as the external auditor responsible for examining the management and accountability of state finances, including determining state financial losses. Meanwhile, BPKP functions as an internal government supervisory body whose authority is derived from presidential delegation within the executive branch. The overlap in audit practices between BPK and BPKP, as demonstrated in Supreme Court Decision Number 886 K/Pid.Sus/2019, reflects normative ambiguity and weak oordination mechanisms, leading to inconsistencies in audit outcomes and potential violations of legal certainty principles. his study concludes that the overlapping authority between BPK and BPKP in state financial audits necessitates clearer normative boundaries and harmonization of regulations to ensure legal certainty, prevent duplication of audits, and strengthen the credibility of state financial accountability and corruption law enforcement in Indonesia.

Anomaly Analysis of Debit Payment Transactions in Switching Companies Using Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Decision Tree Methods in Orange Data Mining

2026-04-15T04:11:46+00:00

In the digital era, the rapid growth of electronic payment transactions using debit cards has been accompanied by an increasing risk of anomalies and fraudulent activities. Identifying suspicious transactions has become crucial to ensure system security and maintain user trust. The high volume of transactions processed through switching systems in Indonesia poses significant challenges for operational teams in detecting anomalous patterns effectively. This study aims to identify anomalous debit payment transactions within switching networks by comparing three classification methods, namely Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), and Decision Tree. The dataset used consists of sampled daily transaction data obtained from operational monitoring, which is analyzed based on predefined transaction matrices developed by operational teams as indicators of anomaly detection. The evaluation of model performance is conducted using key metrics, including accuracy, precision, and recall, to determine the most effective classification method. The results show that machine learning-based classification significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection compared to manual analysis. Furthermore, the integration of data mining techniques with operational transaction matrices provides a structured and practical approach for early anomaly identification. This approach not only enhances the effectiveness of transaction monitoring but also strengthens fraud prevention mechanisms and supports more informed and data-driven decision-making processes within switching companies.

Party Dynasty: A Case Study of Nepotism in the Upper Echelons of Party Leadership

2025-12-27T09:18:17+00:00

The phenomenon of political dynasties within Indonesian political parties reflects the strengthening of internal oligarchies and the weakening of party democratization. This study aims to analyze the practices of nepotism and family-based power reproduction within major political parties during the 2021–2025 period. Using a qualitative approach and a case study method, this research examines the forms of structural position inheritance, kinship-based recruitment mechanisms, and their impacts on the quality of democracy. Data were collected through literature reviews, legal document analysis, and academic studies related to political dynasties. The findings indicate that approximately 23.8 percent of members of the House of Representatives elected in the 2024 General Election have kinship ties with previous political figures, highlighting the dominance of patrimonial and patronage-based practices within major parties. The main factors driving political dynasties include efforts by incumbent elites to preserve power, the formation of exclusive groups, and restrictions on access to strategic positions for political actors outside the ruling families. This condition undermines meritocracy, contributes to internal democratic deficits, and increases the risks of nepotism and corruption. The study concludes that political party reform is urgently needed to establish transparent and competence-based recruitment and succession systems.

Analysis of MARPOL 73/78 Annex V Policy in Controlling Dry Bulk Residues on Cargo Ships at Gresik Port Terminal

2026-03-03T14:36:29+00:00

Maritime pollution from dry bulk cargo residues threatens marine ecosystems and requires strict control through the international convention MARPOL 73/78 Annex V. To analyze the implementation effectiveness of MARPOL 73/78 Annex V policy in controlling dry bulk residues on cargo vessels at Gresik Port Terminal, identify barriers, and formulate recommendations for compliance enhancement. Descriptive qualitative research utilizing direct observation techniques, in-depth interviews with ship crews and port officials, and documentation study on five dry bulk cargo vessels. Results: Implementation effectiveness reached 79% (good category) with highest compliance on regulatory documentation availability (100%) but constrained by port waste reception facilities infrastructure (40%) and residue management systems (76%). Primary barriers include limited storage capacity, waste separation complexity, and crew competency gaps. Optimization requires strengthened enforcement, integrated infrastructure development, technical standardization, and human resource capacity enhancement through multi-stakeholder collaboration.

Design of A Website-Based Repository System With The Boyer-Moore Algorithm for Efficient Document Management

2026-03-04T15:16:32+00:00

The development of information technology demands a system capable of managing documents effectively and efficiently. PT. Prasty Mitra Solusindo still faces obstacles in document archiving, which often causes difficulties in finding the required documents. This research aims to design and develop a web-based repository system by implementing the Boyer-Moore algorithm to improve the efficiency of document retrieval. The development method used is Rapid Application Development (RAD), consisting of planning, design, construction, and implementation stages. The Boyer-Moore algorithm is applied as a text-search method to accelerate the process of document retrieval based on keywords, The testing results show that the developed repository system can significantly speed up the document retrieval process compared to conventional search methods. In addition, the system also supports document management features such as uploading, categorization, and access control, Therefore, this web-based repository system can assist the company in managing documents more quickly, systematically, and easily accessible.

Legal Protection of Personal Data in Combating Cybercrime in Indonesia

2026-03-16T04:12:24+00:00

The development of online lending services as part of financial technology has transformed public access to financial services in Indonesia. This convenience has been accompanied by an increasing volume of personal data processing, which raises new concerns regarding information security and privacy protection. Various data breach incidents indicate that personal data protection is no longer limited to administrative issues but is closely related to cybercrime risks within the digital ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the legal liability of online lending providers for personal data violations and to evaluate the effectiveness of data protection regulations in addressing cybercrime. The research employs a normative juridical approach through the analysis of legislation, scholarly literature, and case studies involving the misuse of personal data in online lending services. The findings show that online lending providers, as personal data controllers, bear administrative, civil, and criminal liability in cases of negligence in safeguarding user data. The main challenges in personal data protection include weaknesses in regulatory supervision, complexities in digital evidence procedures, and the low level of public digital literacy.

Hearts2Hearts Brand Ambassador Influence and Consumer Repurchase Intention: A Study of Scarlett Product Users in Jayapura City

2026-04-13T08:17:20+00:00

This study aims to examine the influence of the Hearts2Hearts brand ambassador on repurchase intention among Scarlett product consumers in Jayapura City. The use of brand ambassadors has become a key marketing strategy in strengthening consumer perceptions and encouraging repeat purchases, particularly in the skincare and beauty industry. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to Scarlett product users in Jayapura City. The sampling technique applied was purposive sampling, targeting respondents who have purchased Scarlett products and are aware of Hearts2Hearts as the brand ambassador. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0 with the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The measurement model was evaluated through validity and reliability testing, including convergent validity, discriminant validity, composite reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha. Furthermore, the structural model was assessed by analyzing path coefficients and hypothesis testing. The results reveal that the Hearts2Hearts brand ambassador has a positive and significant effect on consumer’s repurchase intention toward Scarlett products in Jayapura City. This indicates that an effective brand ambassador contributes to stronger consumer confidence and increased intention to repurchase. The findings provide practical implications for marketers in optimizing brand ambassador strategies to enhance consumer loyalty and strengthen market competitiveness.

Human Resource Management in the Development of Teacher Professionalism in Tangerang City

2026-04-01T23:07:16+00:00

Human Resource Management (HRM) plays an essential role in improving the professionalism of teachers, particularly in responding to the increasing demands for educational quality and institutional competitiveness. This study aims to examine the implementation of human resource management in developing teacher professionalism in schools in Tangerang City. The research focuses on several HRM components, including recruitment and selection, training and professional development, performance evaluation, and motivation enhancement. A qualitative approach was employed using data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and documentation involving school principals, teachers, and education administrators. The findings indicate that effective human resource management contributes significantly to improving teachers’ professional competencies, pedagogical skills, and commitment to educational responsibilities. Training programs, continuous professional development activities, and supportive leadership practices were found to be key factors in strengthening teacher professionalism. Furthermore, systematic performance evaluation and motivational strategies help encourage teachers to enhance their teaching quality and professional engagement. The study concludes that the effective implementation of human resource management practices can support sustainable professional development among teachers and ultimately improve the quality of education in Tangerang City.

The Role of School Principal Leadership in Managing Educational Human Resources in Tangerang Regency

2026-04-01T23:08:11+00:00

School leadership plays a crucial role in the effective management of educational human resources and the improvement of school performance. The principal, as the leader of the school organization, is responsible for managing teachers and educational staff to ensure the achievement of educational goals. This study aims to analyze the role of school principals in managing educational human resources in schools in Tangerang Regency. The research focuses on several aspects of human resource management, including planning, recruitment, professional development, performance evaluation, and motivation of teachers and educational staff. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving school principals, teachers, and administrative staff. The findings show that effective leadership by school principals significantly contributes to the improvement of human resource management in schools. Principals who demonstrate strong leadership are able to create a supportive work environment, encourage professional development, and enhance the performance and commitment of teachers and staff. In addition, leadership strategies such as supervision, mentoring, and collaborative decision-making play an important role in strengthening the quality of educational management. The study concludes that the leadership of school principals is a key factor in optimizing the management of educational human resources and improving the overall quality of education in Tangerang Regency.

The Effect of Heuristics (Anchoring Availability) and Risk Tolerance on Portopolio Diversifacation with Finansial Planning as a Mediator Gen Z in Surabaya City

2026-04-10T11:14:46+00:00

This study examines the behavioral determinants of portfolio diversification among Generation Z investors in Surabaya City, focusing on the role of cognitive biases and financial behavior in shaping investment decisions. In the context of increasing participation of young investors in financial markets, understanding how heuristics and risk preferences influence diversification has become increasingly important. The objective of this research is to analyze the effects of anchoring heuristic, availability heuristic, and risk tolerance on portfolio diversification, with financial planning as a mediating variable. This study employs a quantitative explanatory approach using a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine both direct and indirect relationships among variables. The results indicate that all variables have a significant effect on portfolio diversification, with risk tolerance emerging as the strongest predictor. Financial planning is also found to play a significant mediating role, strengthening the influence of cognitive and behavioral factors on diversification decisions. These findings confirm that investment behavior among Generation Z is influenced not only by rational considerations but also by cognitive biases and structured financial management practices. This study contributes to behavioral finance literature by integrating psychological and behavioral factors into a unified model and provides practical implications for improving financial decision-making through enhanced financial planning and risk awareness.

Mediation of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Organizational Culture and Competence on the Performance of Nursing Paramedics at Dr. Ishak Umarella Tulehu Regional General Hospital, Central Maluku Regency

2026-04-24T08:33:39+00:00

Organizational culture is a way of thinking or tradition adopted by all members of the company and new members must learn or at least accept it as part of the company. Given the importance of organizational culture in the company, this study aims to analyze and explain the mediation of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Organizational Culture and Competence on the performance of nursing paramedics. With the research population at the Dr. Ishak Umarella Tulehu Regional General Hospital, Central Maluku Regency. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling where 1. Nursing Paramedics, 2. Graduated from Nursing 3. Have worked for more than 2 years totaling 116 people were sampled. Using the analysis method: Path Analysis Square (PLS) The results of the study prove that: Organizational Culture has a significant effect on the performance of nursing paramedics. Competence has a significant effect on the performance of nursing paramedics. Organizational Citizenship Behavior has a significant effect on the performance of nursing paramedics Organizational culture has a significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Competence has a significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Organizational culture has a significant effect on employee performance mediated by Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Competence has a significant effect on employee performance mediated by Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Suggestions for subsequent researchers: can examine the variables that have been studied in this study by adding work involvement variables and expanding the research object to several Private Hospitals.

Legal Certainty of Drivers' Status for Travel Entrepreneurs from the Perspective of Law Number 13 Of 2003 Concerning Employment

2026-04-25T01:09:46+00:00

Legal certainty in employment relationships is a foundation used by workers (drivers) and employers aimed at preventing arbitrary actions as well as legal violations. Legal certainty is expressed in the form of agreements as a basis for recognition of the status of workers (drivers); however, in reality, the employment relationship between drivers and travel companies is only based on partnership agreements. In fact, these agreements are used by companies to avoid obligations towards workers under labor law. This practice often causes imbalances, because even though an employment relationship exists with elements of work, orders, and wages, workers do not obtain the normative rights as regulated in labor law. Based on the principle of freedom of contract in Article 1338 of the Civil Code, partnership agreements are valid as long as they do not conflict with laws, morality, and public order. However, when the substance of the legal relationship indicates the fulfillment of the elements of an employment relationship, then that relationship should be subject to labor law provisions. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach and a case study of two decisions of the Industrial Relations Court (PHI) involving PT Niaga Handal Cemerlang or Arnes Shuttle. In both decisions, the panel of judges stated that the relationship between the driver and the company met the elements of an employment relationship, and therefore must comply with labor law provisions. The research results show a legal vacuum in the labor legislation system in Indonesia, especially in providing a clear boundary between partnership relations and employment relations. This vacuum has created room for the practice of disguised employment, which is the concealment of standard employment relationships as non-standard relationships to avoid legal obligations to workers. This will impact legal uncertainty for drivers, who ultimately do not receive legal protection, because certainty and legal protection are obtained when the substance of the agreement regulates such matters. Therefore, it is necessary to establish legal norms that explicitly provide clear and firm boundaries between partnership relations and employment relations. In addition, Indonesia also needs to promptly ratify ILO Recommendation No. 198 of 2006 on Determining Employment Relationships in order to strengthen the national legal framework in protecting workers, as well as to provide legal certainty for workers employed as drivers.

The Influence of Environmental Awareness, Knowledge, and Consumer Income on the Reduction of Plastic Shopping Bag Use

2026-03-06T13:59:29+00:00

Plastic waste has become one of the most critical environmental issues in Indonesia due to the increasing consumption of single-use plastic products, particularly plastic shopping bags. Excessive plastic usage contributes significantly to environmental pollution, as plastic materials require a very long time to decompose and can cause serious damage to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence consumer behavior in reducing plastic shopping bag usage is essential for promoting sustainable consumption. This study aims to analyze the influence of environmental awareness, consumer knowledge, and consumer income on the reduction of plastic shopping bag usage among students of Dian Nusantara University in Jakarta. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method, where data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 95 respondents. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The results show that environmental awareness, knowledge, and consumer income significantly influence the reduction of plastic shopping bag usage, both partially and simultaneously. Environmental awareness was identified as the most dominant factor affecting consumers’ behavior. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening environmental education, increasing public knowledge, and supporting sustainable consumption practices to reduce plastic waste and promote environmental sustainability.

Factors Associated with the Utilization of Health Examinations in the Chronic Disease Management Program (PROLANIS) at the Primary Clinic of the Health Service Unit, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia

2026-03-07T17:42:55+00:00

Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus remain major global health challenges. The World Health Organization reported that these diseases contributed to 43 million deaths (75% of global deaths) in 2021, with 18 million deaths occurring before the age of 70. In Indonesia, the number of chronic disease cases increased by 11% in 2024, from 29.7 million to 33 million cases. To address this issue, the government implemented the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) through BPJS Kesehatan to improve disease control, prevent complications, and enhance patients’ quality of life. However, preliminary findings at the Primary Clinic of the Health Service Unit, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia indicated that Prolanis utilization was still relatively low.

This study aimed to identify factors associated with the utilization of Prolanis health examinations. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 68 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected between December 2025 and January 2026 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-square test. The results showed that only 38.2% of respondents utilized Prolanis services. Knowledge was significantly associated with utilization (p = 0.005), while motivation, residential distance, and family support were not significantly associated with the utilization of Prolanis health examinations.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Educational Context: A Systematic Review of the Role of Work Motivation, Organizational Commitment, Employee Engagement, and Organizational Culture

2026-04-16T11:14:32+00:00

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of educational institutions, yet its determinants remain fragmented across the literature. This study aims to systematically synthesize the role of work motivation, organizational commitment, employee engagement, and organizational culture in shaping OCB among educators. A Systematic Literature Review approach was employed using the PRISMA protocol to ensure a transparent and rigorous selection process. Relevant literature was obtained from Google Scholar, Scopus, and SINTA databases, focusing on publications within the last decade. A total of seventy-four articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using thematic synthesis. The findings indicate that intrinsic motivation acts as a fundamental internal driver of OCB, while affective commitment strengthens emotional attachment that encourages voluntary extra-role behavior. Employee engagement emerges as the most consistent and dominant predictor, reflecting the role of vigor, dedication, and absorption in translating psychological states into proactive actions. Organizational culture functions as both a direct determinant and a moderating factor that reinforces the influence of individual variables. These results highlight that OCB is shaped by the interaction between psychological and organizational dimensions. The study contributes theoretically by integrating multiple determinants into a unified conceptual framework and offers practical implications for educational institutions in developing strategies to enhance educator performance through strengthening motivation, commitment, engagement, and a supportive organizational culture.