C-Reactive Protein in Uncomplicated T2DM: Associations with Disease Duration and Lifestyle

Euis Purbasari; Oktadio Erikardo; Nurul Azmah Nikmatullah

Authors

Euis Purbasari Program Studi Analis Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jl. Delima II, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia
Oktadio Erikardo Program Studi Analis Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jl. Delima II, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia
Nurul Azmah Nikmatullah Program Studi Analis Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jl. Delima II, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia

Keywords:

C-Reactive Protein, Inflammation, Lifestyle, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a silent killer that may progress to severe complications without overt early symptoms. It arises from insulin secretion defects, insulin resistance, or both, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. Prolonged hyperglycemia induces metabolic stress and systemic inflammation, exacerbated by modifiable lifestyle factors. Detecting subclinical inflammation (even in uncomplicated T2DM) is critical for timely intervention. We evaluated serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP), a hepatic inflammatory marker, in uncomplicated T2DM patients, assessing its links to disease duration and lifestyle. This cross-sectional analytical study enrolled 37 uncomplicated T2DM patients under routine care. CRP was quantified via latex agglutination; demographic/behavioral data were collected via questionnaires. CRP positivity occurred in 29.7% of patients (n=11), predominantly women (59.5%), aged 41-50 (62.2%), with T2DM duration <5 years (64.9%). CRP levels correlated significantly with disease duration (p = <0.001) and smoking (p = 0.016) but not diet (p = 0.580) or physical activity (p = 0.163). Nearly one-third of uncomplicated T2DM patients exhibited elevated CRP, strongly associated with disease duration and tobacco exposure (active or passive). CRP may serve as an early warning biomarker, urging tighter control of modifiable environmental and behavioral risks.

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