Self-Care Management Among Hypertensive Elderly: A Descriptive Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice

Deskrisman Stefan Mendrofa

Authors

Deskrisman Stefan Mendrofa STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan

Keywords:

Hypertension, Elderly, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, self-care management

Abstract

Hypertension in the elderly is a serious health issue that can lead to fatal complications if not managed through proper self-care. This descriptive quantitative study aims to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of elderly hypertensive patients at UPT Puskesmas Medan Johor. Data were collected using questionnaires from 64 respondents selected via accidental sampling. Inclusion criteria included elderly aged ≥ 60 years with blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. The majority of respondents were female (58%) and in the 60–74 age group (78%). The results showed that the respondents' knowledge level was in the good category (61%), attitudes in the good category (50%), and practices in the good category (70%). However, barriers were still identified in the male elderly group, who sought health check-ups less frequently than females. The high percentage of good behavior is influenced by the respondents' education level, which is mostly secondary (high school). Adequate knowledge forms positive perceptions (attitudes), which in turn triggers routine self-care practices. In conclusion, the elderly at UPT Puskesmas Medan Johor exhibit high self-awareness, but specific interventions are needed to increase male elderly participation in hypertension management.

References

N. R. I. A. T. Putri and T. Sumarni, "The Effect of slow-deep Breathing and Isometric Hand Grip Exercise on Blood Pressure of Patients With Hypertension," in International Conference on Health and Medical Sciences (AHMS 2020), 2021, pp. 96-99. doi: 10.2991/ahsr.k.210127.023

L. Safarina and A. S. Roswendi, "The Effect of Slow Deep Breathing on Blood Pressure in Elderly People with Hypertension: A Literature Review," KnE Medicine, pp. 237-249, 2022. doi: 10.18502/kme.v2i3.11867

K. Adamu, A. Feleke, A. Muche, T. Yasin, A. M. Mekonen, and M. G. Chane, "Health Related Quality of Life Among Adult Hypertensive Patients on Treatment in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia," Plos one, vol. 17, no. 9, p. e0268150, 2022. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268150

World Health Organization (WHO), "Data Hipertensi Global," Asia Tenggara: WHO, 2023.

D. S. Mendrofa, E. Karota, S. Z. Nasution, K. Ritarwan, and R. Tanjung, "Efektivitas Self-Care Management Terhadap Perilaku Lansia Penderita Hipertensi di UPT Puskesmas Medan Johor," J Ners, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 5202-5208, 2025. doi: 10.31004/jn.v9i3.46568

V. B. Kusnandar, "Ada 30 Juta Penduduk Lansia di Indonesia pada 2021," Databoks, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/

D. Kurt and E. P. Gurdogan, "The effect of self-management support on knowledge level, treatment compliance and self-care management in patients with hypertension," Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 14–23, 2022. doi: 10.37464/2020.393.559

Kemenkes RI, "Hipertensi/Tekanan darah tinggi," Direktorat P2PTM, 2023. [Online]. Available: http://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/

D. S. Mendrofa, E. Karota, and S. Z. Nasution, "Efektivitas Self-Care Management Terhadap Perilaku Penderita Hipertensi Pada Lansia: Literature Review," J Ners, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 2741-50, 2025.

M. Ramli, "Preferensi Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan Dalam Memilih Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Pada Pasien Di Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi," Jurnal Predestination, vol. 2, no. 2, 2022.

J. F. Immanuela, A. E. Noveyani, and A. Meikalynda, "Epidemiolgi Deskriptif Hipertensi di Puskesmas Arjasa Kabupaten Jember," Sehat Rakyat: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 148-159, 2023. doi: 10.54259/sehatrakyat.v2i1.1417

A. R. Tarigan, Z. Lubis, and S. Syarifah, "Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Diet Hipertensi Di Desa Hulu Kecamatan Pancur Batu Tahun 2016," Jurnal kesehatan, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 9-17, 2018. doi: 10.24252/kesehatan.v11i1.4489

S. N. Anggreini, F. M. Said, A. U. A. Ezdha, D. E. Filri, F. Wahyuni, and I. Ovari, "The Impact of Hypertension Education On Self-Care Management In Hypertensive Patients In Senderak Village Health Centre," JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, vol. 74, no. 5 (Supple-5), pp. S27-S30, 2024. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.Ind-S5.07

V. D. Ariwati et al., KONSEP DASAR PROMOSI KESEHATAN. Malang: Future Science Publisher, 2024.

A. Bandura, Social Learning Theory: Applications in Health Behavior Research. Psychology Press, 2021.

J. Bouchard et al., "Impact of Oats In The Prevention Management of Hypertension," Food Chemistry, vol. 381, p. 132198, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132198

S. Wahyuni, R. N. Bafadhal, and M. Mahudeh, "Efektivitas Self-Management Program Terhadap Manajemen Diri Klien Hipertensi," JI-KES (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 57-63, 2021. doi: 10.33006/ji-kes.v5i1.233

E. D. Mumpuningtias, E. Suprayitno, and C. N. Damayanti, "Caring-Based Supportive Educatif Enhance Prevention Ability Of Diabetic Ulcers In Patients With Type II Diabetes," Interest: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, pp. 198–206, 2022. doi: 10.37341/interest.v11i2.484

S. Yan et al., "Association of Phthalate Exposure With All-Cause And Cause-Specific Mortality Among People With Hypertension: The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2014," Chemosphere, vol. 303, p. 135190, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135190

E. Z. Zatihulwani, E. Rustanti, S. Puspita, and D. U. Sholikhah, "Edukasi Manajemen Diri Pasien Hipertensi Sebagai Upaya Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Komplikasi Hipertensi," Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Nusantara (JPPNu), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 85-90, 2023. doi: 10.28926/jppnu.v5i1.138