Analysis of Ergonomic Risks and Individual Factors Affecting Musculoskeletal Complaints Among Vegetable Farmers in Mamalam, Tayan Hilir Subdistrict, Sanggau Regency

Fajar Hakim; Ismael Saleh; Elly Trisnawati; Marlenywati Marlenywati; Eka Puspitasari

Authors

Fajar Hakim Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak
Ismael Saleh Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak
Elly Trisnawati Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak
Marlenywati Marlenywati Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak
Eka Puspitasari CSR PT. Antam Tbk. UBPB West Kalimantan

Keywords:

Musculoskeletal disorders ergonomics, work duration, work posture, farmers

Abstract

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are one of the occupational health issues that can be influenced by physical activity, work duration, and non-ergonomic work postures. This study aims to analyze the ergonomic and individual risk factors associated with musculoskeletal complaints among the Mamalam Vegetable Farmers’ Group in Tayan Hilir Subdistrict, Sanggau Regency. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design and an analytical observational method. A total of 52 farmers were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire to identify musculoskeletal complaints and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method to assess work posture risks. The data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that 28 respondents (53.8%) experienced moderate musculoskeletal complaints and 24 respondents (46.2%) experienced low musculoskeletal complaints. There was a significant association between work duration (p = 0.006), work posture duration (p = 0.011), work posture risk based on REBA (p = 0.015), and musculoskeletal complaints. Meanwhile, gender (p = 1.000), age (p = 0.521), and length of employment (p = 0.086) did not show a significant association. It is concluded that work duration and work posture are factors associated with musculoskeletal complaints among farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to improve work posture, manage work and rest times, and use more ergonomic aids to reduce the risk of MSDs among farmers.

References

M. A. Harahap, D. Situngkir, A. Irfandi, I. M. Ayu, and C. A. K. Muda, “The Difference of Musculoskeletal Disorders Before and After Workplace Stretching Exercise,” J. Vocat. Heal. Stud., vol. 5, no. 2, p. 126, 2021, doi: 10.20473/jvhs.v5.i2.2021.126-132.

World Health Organization (WHO), “Musculoskeletal health.” [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/musculoskeletal-conditions.

A. Sabila, H. Z. Al Mumtazah, R. Z. Fitri Anda, and F. Miyata, “HUBUNGAN POSTUR KERJA DENGAN KELUHAN MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) PADA PETANI DI KECAMATAN PANCENG,” JNPH, vol. 13, no. 2, 2025, doi: 10.37676/jnph.v13i2.9934.

Y. K. Wardini and Z. Inayah, “Hubungan postur kerja dan durasi kerja dengan kejadian musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) pada pengemudi bus Transjatim,” J. Mutiara Kesehat. Masy., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 55–63, 2025.

N. F. A. Putri, A. Puspitasari, and N. U. Mutthalib, “Faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan musculoskeletal pada buruh pengangkut di Pabrik Gula Arasoe Kabupaten Bone,” Window Public Heal. J., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 371–378, 2024, doi: 10.33096/woph.v5i3.1626.

S. Ranow, Herlina, and A. Rahman, “PENGARUH KOMPRES KAYU MANIS (CINNAMOMUM BURMANNII) TERHADAP NYERI GOUT ARTHRITIS PADA LANSIA DI DESA SADAR SRIWIJAYA BANDAR SRIBAWAWONO LAMPUNG TIMUR TAHUN 2024.,” J. Kesehat. Ilm. Indones., vol. 9, no. 2, 2024.

D. P. Sari, D. Rambe, A. P. Rahmadillah, H. D. Harahap, R. A. Harahap, and V. Afiqah, “Studi Literatur Review Faktor Yang Berhubungan Terhadap Kejadian Musculosceletal Disorders (Msds) Pada Petani,” JK J. Kesehat., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 442–450, 2023.

F. Saftarina, H. Yuningrum, and M. F. Nuruuddin, “Pengaruh Model TAPIS ( Petani Produktif dan Sehat ) terhadap Musculoskeletal Disorders ( MSDs ) pada Petani di Kecamatan Metro Utara,” vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 12–20, 2026.

C. Yunika and S. Safithry, “Analisis Postur Kerja Dan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (Msds) Pada Petani (Studi Literature Riview),” Zahra J. Heal. Med. Res., vol. 3, no. Oktober, pp. 395–405, 2023.

W. Tatik and N. R. Eko, “Hubungan Antara Postur kerja, Umur, dan Masa Kerja dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada Pekerja di CV. Sada Wahyu Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta,” J. Lentera Kesehat. Masy., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–23, 2023.

E. Rovendra, V. Meilinda, and N. W. Sari, “HUBUNGAN SIKAP KERJA PETANI LAKI-LAKI TERHADAP KELUHAN MUSCULOSCELETAL DISORDER (MSDs),” J. Endur., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 602–609, 2022, doi: 10.22216/jen.v6i3.546.

K. A. Muryani and S. Arifin, “Analisis Postur Kerja dan Durasi Kerja terhadap Keluhan Muskuloskeletal dan Nyeri Leher pada Pekerja Kantoran: A Systematic Literature Review,” J. Ners, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 3422–3429, 2025, doi: 10.31004/jn.v9i3.44967.

L. P. Prathap Suganthirababu , Ayesha Parveen , P.Mohan Krishna , B.Sivaram, A. Kumaresan, Vignesh Srinivasan, Surya Vishnuram , Jagatheesan Alagesan , Lavanya Prathap Vishnuram, Jagatheesan Alagesan, “Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among health care professionals: A systematic review,” no. 14, 2023, doi: 10.3233/WOR-211041.

B. K. Adel Mazloumi, “Investigation of Observational Techniques Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Farmers - A Systematic Review,” 2025, doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2024.2436447.

K. K. Kurnia A Akbar, Phally Try , Pramon Viwattanakulvanid, “Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Farmers in the Southeast Asia Region: A Systematic Review,” 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.05.001.

A. M. Abdollah Hayati, “Ergonomic problems in agricultural farms: Explainable relationship between awkward postures and body discomforts in Iranian leafy vegetable cultivation,” 2022, doi: 10.3233/WOR-210312.

N. L. P. C. Dewi, G. P. Kinandana, N. L. P. G. K. Saraswati, and N. K. A. J. Antari, “Analysis of working posture and risk of musculoskeletal complaints among vegetable farmers,” Phys. Ther. J. Indones., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 81–85, 2024, doi: 10.51559/ptji.v5i1.196.

S. Pasaribu, L. F. Tanjung, R. Girsang, and F. Alwi, “Hubungan jenis kelamin, masa kerja, dan posisi kerja dengan gangguan otot rangka akibat kerja pada petani di Kabupaten Deli Serdang,” J. Ibnu Nafis, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2025.

M. Shivakumar et al., “Musculoskeletal disorders and pain in agricultural workers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Rheumatol. Int., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 235–247, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s00296-023-05500-5.

A. Gusti, W. Iqbal, and F. Afifah, “Penyakit Berbasis Lingkungan dan Kerja serta Faktor Sosiodemografi pada Petani Sayuran di Nagari Koto Laweh Kabupaten Tanah Datar,” J. Keselam. Kesehat. Kerja dan Lingkung., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 178–186, 2025, doi: 10.25077/jk3l.6.2.178-186.2025.

R. A. I. H. Purandima, A. U. Roga, and J. A. R. Salmun, “Analysis of Individual and Work-Related Factors Towards MSDs in Cement Transporters,” Lontar J. Community Heal., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 495–504, 2023, doi: 10.35508/ljch.v5i2.5686.

H. Syfanah and M. F. Zulhayudin, “Faktor–faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) pada petani di Kelurahan Purwakarta, Kota Cilegon,” Period. Occup. Saf. Heal., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2022, doi: 10.12928/posh.v1i1.6409.

M. A. Salcha and Arni Juliani, “Relationship between Work Posture and Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Rice Farmers,” MIRACLE J. Public Heal., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 195–201, 2021, doi: 10.36566/mjph/vol4.iss2/260.

I. G. S. Pandit and P. A. N. K. Permatananda, “Ergonomic approach decrease musculoskeletal complaints and increases productivity of pindang producers in Kusamba , Bali,” pp. 1–5, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/434/1/012318.