Jurnal EduHealth

The Oral Microbiome in Oral Frailty and Healthy Ageing: A Narrative Review

Felisha Febriane Balafif — 2026-07-06

The oral microbiome plays a fundamental role in maintaining oral and systemic health throughout the ageing process. Age-related physiological changes, oral frailty, and physical inactivity contribute to microbial dysbiosis, which has been associated with periodontal disease, chronic inflammation, and frailty. However, the relationship between exercise, oral microbial ecology, and oral frailty has not been comprehensively synthesized. This narrative review aimed to summarize current evidence regarding the oral microbiome and to explore its relationship with oral frailty and healthy ageing. A narrative review was conducted using articles published between 2021 and 2026. Five original studies investigating oral microbiome composition, physical activity, oral frailty, ageing, and systemic inflammation in older adults were critically reviewed and synthesized to identify common findings and emerging biological mechanisms. The reviewed evidence consistently demonstrated that regular physical activity, including moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training, promotes beneficial alterations in oral microbial composition by increasing microbial diversity and reducing the abundance of opportunistic pathogens. Conversely, physical inactivity and oral frailty were associated with reduced microbial diversity. Current evidence supports a close interaction between physical activity, oral microbiome composition, oral frailty, and healthy ageing. Regular exercise appears to preserve oral microbial homeostasis while reducing inflammation and frailty-related microbial alterations. These findings highlight the oral microbiome as a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target for promoting healthy ageing. Nevertheless, further longitudinal studies integrating metagenomics, host immune responses, and clinical oral outcomes are required to clarify the causal mechanisms underlying these interactions.

The Effect of Vidio Based Education on Adolescent Girls’ Knowledge of Vaginal Discharge Prevention

Baiq Disnalia Siswari — 2026-07-07

One of the most common reproductive health problems in adolescent girls is vaginal discharge (Flour Albus). Flour Albus or vaginal discharge is a fluid coming out of the vagina in addition to blood. Vaginal discharge is divided into two types, namely physiological (normal) and pathological (abnormal).To determine the influence of counseling through video media on the knowledge of adolescent girls about the prevention of vaginal discharge in class X students at SMAN 1 Wanasaba. This study used a pre-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design. The research sample of 66 people was selected using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test, with a questionnaire as a research instrument. The results of the pre-test showed that most of the students had a level of knowledge in the sufficient category, namely 45 students (69.7%). After being given counseling through video media, the post-test results showed an improvement, with 65 students (98.5%) in the good category. Wilcoxon's statistical test showed a significant influence before and after health education with a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05).There is a significant influence on the increase in student's knowledge about vaginal discharge prevention after being given health education through video media

An Evaluation of Drug Storage Practices in the Pharmacy Warehouse of Parapat Regional General Hospital, Girsang Sipangan Bolon District, Simalungun Regency

Saide Pramita Sijabat — 2026-07-08

Drug storage is an activity of storing and maintain by placing the drugs received in a place that is considered safe from theft and physical disturbances that can damage the quality of drugs and medical supplies. This study aims to determine the suitability of the drug storage system at the Parapat Regional General Hospital with the standards of the Regulation of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 72 of 2016 with storage indicators. Drug storage carried out by pharmacists has various purposes, one of which is to make it easier for officers to find drugs to be used. With organized and neat storage, it can shorten the time to find the medicines you need. This type of research is descriptive observational and the tool used in this study is an observation sheet related to drug storage at Parapat General Hospital as a data collection tool. The results showed that the drug storage requirements did not meet the requirements because APAR is not yet aveilable. The percentage of matched drugs with stock cards and drug storage systems has not met the standard, because the percentage obtained is 99.10% where the standard that must be met is 100%. while the Turn Over Ratio value is 4,38 times, the percentage of expired and damaged drugs is 2,09% . the data still does not meet the existing requirements. Then it was concluded that the storage of drugs at the Parapat Regional General Hospital still does not meet the requirements in accordance with the Regulation of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 72 of 2016

Implementation Of Benson Relaxation Therapy for Pain Reduction in Post-Caeserean Patient Section in the An-Nisa Ward at Bakti Timah Hospital Pangkal Pinang

Veronica Agustina Sihotang — 2026-07-08

Sectio caesarea is a surgical delivery procedure that may cause acute pain in the abdominal incision area. If not managed properly, pain may inhibit mobilization, disturb rest, reduce comfort, and slow the recovery process of post sectio caesarea mothers. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be used to help reduce pain is Benson relaxation therapy. This case study aimed to describe the implementation of maternity nursing care using Benson relaxation therapy to reduce pain in post sectio caesarea patients in the An-Nisa Ward of Bakti Timah Hospital, Pangkalpinang. This study used a descriptive case study method involving two patients, Mrs. B and Mrs. R, who met the criteria of being post sectio caesarea patients aged 21-40 years, fully conscious, able to communicate verbally, cooperative, and willing to participate. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, documentation review, and pain intensity measurement using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Benson relaxation therapy was provided for three days, twice daily, for approximately 10 minutes each session. The results showed a gradual decrease in pain intensity. In Mrs. B, the initial pain score of 6 decreased to 3 on the third day after the intervention. In Mrs. R, the initial pain score of 5 decreased to 3 on the third day after the intervention. Both patients appeared more relaxed, more comfortable, and were able to begin light mobilization. This case study concludes that Benson relaxation therapy can help reduce pain intensity in post sectio caesarea patients and can be applied as a safe, simple, and easy non-pharmacological nursing intervention.

The Effect of Foot Spa Therapy on Anxiety Reduction Among Hypertensive Patients in the Basic Geriatric Ward of Dr X

Renny Fransiska Aryanti — 2026-07-08

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases among older adults and is often accompanied by anxiety, which can negatively affect blood pressure control and overall quality of life. Anxiety may activate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased blood pressure and worsening the patient's condition. Foot spa therapy, which combines warm water foot soaking and gentle foot massage, is a complementary non-pharmacological intervention that promotes relaxation, improves peripheral blood circulation, and reduces anxiety. Therefore, comprehensive nursing care incorporating foot spa therapy is needed to support anxiety management in patients with hypertension. This case study aimed to describe the application of foot spa therapy in reducing anxiety among hypertensive patients in the Basic Geriatric Ward of Dr. X, using the nursing process, including assessment, nursing diagnosis, intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation. The study employed a case study design involving two older adult patients with hypertension who experienced anxiety. The assessment identified anxiety related to changes in health status, characterized by excessive worry, restlessness, and sleep disturbances. Nursing interventions included anxiety reduction, therapeutic communication, health education, relaxation techniques, and foot spa therapy administered for two consecutive days. The evaluation showed a significant reduction in anxiety levels. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) score decreased from 13 to 0 in the first patient and from 12 to 0 in the second patient. Blood pressure also improved, decreasing from 155/100 mmHg to 130/90 mmHg in the first patient and from 175/105 mmHg to 130/98 mmHg in the second patient. Subjectively, both patients reported feeling calmer, more comfortable, and less worried about their health condition. Objectively, they appeared more relaxed and cooperative during nursing care. In conclusion, the application of foot spa therapy as part of comprehensive nursing care effectively reduced anxiety and contributed to improved blood pressure among hypertensive patients. Foot spa therapy may be considered a safe, simple, and effective complementary nursing intervention for managing anxiety in patients with hypertension.

The Association Between Maternal Age and the Incidence of Preeclampsia in the Working Area of Penana’e Community Health Center in 2026

Yati Purnama — 2026-07-20

Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, characterized by elevated blood pressure after 20 weeks of gestation and may be accompanied by proteinuria and other organ dysfunctions. Maternal age is one of the risk factors associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal age and the incidence of preeclampsia in the working area of Penana’e Public Health Center, Bima City, in 2025. This research employed an observational analytic method with a case-control design. The study population consisted of 273 pregnant women registered in the working area of Penana’e Public Health Center from January to June 2025. A total of 73 respondents were selected as samples, comprising case and control groups. Data were obtained from medical records and the e-Cohort database of Penana’e Public Health Center. The independent variable was maternal age, while the dependent variable was the incidence of preeclampsia. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses through the Chi-Square test and Odds Ratio (OR) calculation. The results showed that most respondents were aged 20–35 years (44 respondents; 60.3%), while 13 respondents (17.8%) were aged below 20 years and 16 respondents (21.9%) were aged above 35 years. The case group (preeclampsia) consisted of 32 respondents (43.8%), whereas the control group (non-preeclampsia) consisted of 41 respondents (56.2%). The Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between maternal age and the incidence of preeclampsia (p = 0.005). Odds Ratio analysis revealed that pregnant women aged below 20 years had a 4.27 times greater risk of developing preeclampsia compared to those aged 20–35 years, while pregnant women aged above 35 years had an 8 times greater risk. It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between maternal age and the incidence of preeclampsia. Therefore, healthcare providers are expected to strengthen screening, education, and pregnancy monitoring among women in high-risk age groups to prevent preeclampsia and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.