Efficiency Analysis of A 3-Phase Induction Motor using a Variable Speed Drive as a Speed Controller at PT. Indonesia Asahan Aluminum
Keywords:
Three-phase induction motor, variable speed drive, energy efficiency, V/f control, industrial, motor drive.Abstract
This paper analyzes the efficiency performance of a 7.5 kW three-phase induction motor controlled by a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) for industrial speed regulation applications. The motor is rated at 380 V, 50 Hz, four poles, with a nominal speed of 1440 rpm. A constant voltage-to-frequency (V/f) control strategy is implemented with operating frequencies varying from 30 Hz to 50 Hz. Simulation-based analysis is conducted to evaluate electrical input power, mechanical output power, rotational speed, torque, and efficiency under different operating conditions. The results show that the motor input power decreases from approximately 8.0 kW at 50 Hz to 4.0 kW at 30 Hz, indicating significant energy-saving potential during partial-speed operation. Motor efficiency increases with frequency, ranging from 80.0% at 30 Hz to a maximum of 88.8% at the rated frequency. The reduced efficiency at lower frequencies is mainly attributed to the dominance of constant losses such as core and mechanical losses. The study confirms that VSD-based speed control improves operational flexibility and enhances energy efficiency of three-phase induction motors, making it suitable for industrial applications with variable load and speed requirements.
Downloads
References
Aryza S et al (2024) A ROBUST OPTIMIZATION TO DYNAMIC SUPPLIER DECISIONS AND SUPPLY ALLOCATION PROBLEMS IN THE MULTI-RETAIL INDUSTRY. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 129(3).
Chapman, S. J. (2011). Electric Machinery Fundamentals (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Riski Anda Rangkuti, Atmam, & Elvira Zondra. (2020). Study of Speed Control of Three-Phase Induction Motor Using Variable Speed Drive (VSD) Based on Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Engineering Journal (Lancang Kuning University), 14(1), 1-12.
Atmam, Abrar Tanjung, & Zulfahri. (2018). Analysis of Electrical Energy Usage of Three-Phase Induction Motor Using Variable Speed Drive (VSD). SainETIn: Journal of Science, Energy, Technology, and Industry, 2(2), 121-132.
Prasetyono Eko Pambudi, Muhammad Suyanto, Beny Firman, & Oding Dede Saifilla. (2020). Variable Speed Drive (VSD) as an Induction Motor Speed Controller. SNAST Proceedings, 1(1), 5037.
Ari Aripriharta. (2023). Induction Motor Control Using Variable Speed Drive. Journal of Electrical Engineering Studies, 8(1).
Winarso, & Dian Nova Kusuma Hardani. (2019). Torque and Efficiency Analysis of a Three-Phase Cage Rotor Induction Motor. Techno (Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto), 19(2).
Reval Bangun Nugraha, I Made Wiwit Kastawan, & Parno Raharjo. (2023). The Effect of Carrier Frequency VSD on Harmonics of 3-phase Induction Motor Power Supply. JITEL (Scientific Journal of Telecommunications, Electronics, and Electric Power), 3(2), 121-126.
Indra Roza, Faisal Irsan Pasaribu, Ahmad Yanie, Agus Almi, & Thomson Samuel Sinaga. (2021). Analysis of the Effect of Using VSD (Variable Speed Drive) on Energy Consumption at PT. Lestari Alam Segar. RELE (Electrical and Energy Engineering): Journal of Electrical Engineering (UMSU).
Bagas Nur Ramadhan. (2022). Analysis of Speed Control Against Frequency Changes in a Three-Phase Induction Motor Based on VSD. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Renewable Energy (IJEERE), 2(2).
Deka Novianto, Elvira Zondra, & Hazra Yuvendius. (2022). Efficiency Analysis of Three-Phase Induction Motor as a Vacuum Driver at PT. Pindo Deli Perawang. SainETIn: Journal of Science, Energy, Technology, and Industry, 6(2).
Irmayani, Gatot S., & Heru A. (2025). Analysis of Frequency Changes in Three-Phase Induction Motors Using the V/F Method with Variable Speed Drive Control. SAINSTECH: Journal of Science and Technology Research and Assessment, 35(1).
Sulis Diantoro, Dedi Nugroho, & Agus Adhi Nugroho. (2024). Analysis of the Effect of Frequency and Voltage Changes on the Efficiency of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Using MATLAB Simulink. Elektrika, 16(2), 45-54.
Joko Tri Susilo, Seflahir Dinata, Jan Setiawan, & Eko Santoso. (2024). Efficiency Analysis of 3-Phase Rewinding Induction Motor with Finite Element Modeling. EPIC Journal of Electrical Power Instrumentation and Control, 6(1), 22-30.
Mutiara Zahra, IMW Kastawan, & Parno Raharjo. (2023). The Effect of Voltage Imbalance in the Electrical Power Supply on the Rotational Speed and Efficiency of a 3-Phase Induction Motor. JITEL (Scientific Journal of Telecommunications, Electronics, and Electrical Power), 3(2), 155-164.
P. Siagian, ID Sara, T. Tarmizi and N. Nasaruddin, "Enhancing Power Density in Switched Reluctance Generators Through Split Axial Segmentation," in IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 70055-70079, 2025, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3562436.
Siagian, P., Alam, H., Fahreza, M., & Frasasti, RA (2024). Increasing solar panel power with a light concentrator made of aluminum foil. Journal Serambi Engineering, 9(2), 8490–8498.
Siagian, P., Alam, H., Putra, RR, & Tanjung, MMS (2024). Matlab-Based Modeling and Simulation of Temperature and Pressure Parameter Settings for Geothermal Power Plants. Install : Computer Journal, 16(3), 314–321.
Siagian, P., Hamdani;, & Dalimunthe, ME (2012). The Effect of Film Filter Screen on the Output Voltage of Polycrystalline Solar Cells. SITEKIN, Journal of Science, Technology and Industry, 19(2), 2022.
Tharo, Z., Dharmawati, & Alfi Syahri, M. (2020). Combination of solar and wind power to create cheap and eco-friendly energy. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 725(1).https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/725/1/012140
P. Siagian, "Wind Resource for Electrical Energy of Tourism and Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Coastal Areas After the COVID-19 Pandemic," Adpebi Int. J. Multidiscip. Sci., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 175–186, 2022, [Online]. Available:https://journal.adpebi.com/index.php/AIJMS/article/view/272
P. Siagian, ME Dalimunthe, B. Siregar, M. Fadlan, and RA Frasasti, "The Cost of Islamic Boarding School Electricity Bills is Lowered by Installing Solar Cells on Grid Limiters," J. Pengabdi. Masy. Bestari, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 895–904, 2022, doi: 10.55927/jpmb.v1i8.1954.
Dani, A., & Erivianto, D. (2024). Performance Evaluation of Three-Phase Induction Motor with Stator Resistance Modification: Simulation Approach with Automation Studio. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(3), 17604–17618.https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.12650
