Antibacterial Activity Test of Green Betel Leaf Extract Clay Mask (Piper Betle L) Against Acne-Causing Bacteria (Propionibacterium Acnes)

Yosi Karinda; Novena Adi Yuhara; Ellsya Angeline Rawar

Authors

Yosi Karinda Faculty of Pharmacy , Immanuel Christian University, Jalan Solo Km 11.1 , Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Novena Adi Yuhara Faculty of Pharmacy , Immanuel Christian University, Jalan Solo Km 11.1 , Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Ellsya Angeline Rawar Faculty of Pharmacy , Immanuel Christian University, Jalan Solo Km 11.1 , Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords:

clay mask, piper betle L , propionibacterium acnes

Abstract

Propionibacterium acnes is one of the bacteria that causes acne. Green betel leaf ( Piper betle L.) is a plant that has been used for generations. Green betel leaf extract contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and phenols that have antibacterial potential. Clay masks are solid mask preparations formulated with clay minerals as the base ingredient. This study aims to determine the characteristics of an anti-acne clay mask made from green betel leaf extract and its antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Green betel leaves were extracted through maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent then made 4 clay mask preparations which were tested for organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesive power and drying time and antibacterial test was carried out using well method, inhibition zone data were tested using One-Way ANOVA and Duncan test to determine whether there were significant differences between each formula. The results of this study aimed to determine the physical quality and antibacterial activity of green betel leaf extract clay mask preparations against Propionibacterium acnes . The clay mask formula used consisted of F0 (without extract), F1, F2, and F3 with concentration variations of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% extract. Evaluation of physical quality included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesive power, and drying time tests. The results of the physical preparation test of the green betel leaf ethanol extract clay mask showed a soft, homogeneous shape, green color, betel leaf aroma, Ph around 5-6, spreadability of 5.23-6.73 cm, adhesiveness of 15.5-24.7 seconds and drying time of 12.7-15 minutes. The antibacterial activity test showed that F3 produced the largest inhibition zone of 3 2.9 mm. Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA showed that variations in extract concentration had a significant effect on antibacterial activity. Thus, the green betel leaf extract clay mask , especially the F3 formula, has good physical quality and the highest effectiveness as an anti-acne preparation.

References

Afifah, R., Utomo, D. H., & Laily, A. N. (2020). Skrining Fitokimia Familia Piperaceae. Jurnal Biologi Dan Pembelajarannya (JB&P), 7(1), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.29407/jbp.v7i1.14805

Apriyanti, R., Rahmat, N., Melia, I., & Cania, L. (2022). Formulasi dan Uji Sifat Fisik Masker Pasta Clay yang Mengandung Jojoba Oil (Simmondsia chinensis) Untuk Kulit Wajah. Jurnal Pelita Sains Kesehatan, 2(1), 1–10.

Asthyananda, M., & Bakri, F. F. D. (2024). Formulasi Clay Mask Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Dan Uji Inhibisi Staphylococcus aureus. Kartika : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 9(2), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v9i2.680

Depkes RI. (2017). Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi ll 2017. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 1–561. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12934-13

Futri, C. L., Siregar, I., Yanti, S., & Natunnah, S. (2023). Formulasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau ( Piper Betle L) Sebagai Anti Jerawat. Jurnal Kesehatan Ilmiah Indonesia (Indonesian Health Scientific Journal), 8(2), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.51933/health.v8i2.1239

Hasanah, R. (2022). Uji Efektifitas Daya Hambat Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.

Hermanto, L. O., Nibenia, J., Sharon, K., & Rosa, D. (2023). Review artikel: Pemanfaatan tanaman sirih (Piper betle L) sebagai obat tradisional. Pharmaceutical Science Journal, 3(1), 33–42. http://openjournal.wdh.ac.id/index.php/Phrase/index%0APHRASE

Hidayati, N., Styawan, A. A., & Muslimah, I. N. (2020). Uji Stabilitas Formula Optimum Masker Gel Peel Off Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl). Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi, 11(2), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.61902/cerata.v11i2.145

Hikmah, F., & Hasanah, N. (2023). Uji Hambat Aktivitas Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes Terhadap Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia purpurata (K.) Schum). E-Jurnal Medika Udayana, 12(1), 74–78. https://doi.org/10.24843/mu.2023.v12.i01.p13

Indarto, Narulita, W., Anggoro, B. S., & Novitasari, A. (2019). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun binahong terhadap propionibacterium acnes. Jurnal Tardis Biologi, 10(1), 67–78. http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index

Julianti, P. A., Hutahaen, T. A., & Februyani, N. (2023). Formulasi Sediaan Gel Antiacne Ekstrak Daun Sirih. Indonesian Journal of Health Science, 3(2), 308–319.

Lucita, A., & Tensiska. (2021). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Teh, Daun sukun, dan Daun Sirih Terhadap Propionbacterium acne s serta aplikasinya Pada Masker Antijerawat Antibacterial Activity of Tea, Breadfruit, and Piper Betle Leaves Extracts Against Propionibacterium acne Staphyl. Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian, 18(2), 105–112.

Maharani, T. A., Norhabibah, Ira Wati, N. R., Putri, L. R., & Malahayati, S. (2024). Pengembangan Formulasi Clay Mask Stick Ekstrak Rumput Gandum (Triticum Aestivum L) Komoditas Lokal yang Berpotensi Sebagai Antioksidan. Jurnal Surya Medika, 10(2), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v10i2.7718

Manarisip, G. E., Fatmawali, & Rotinsulu, H. (2020). Standarisasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L) dan Uji Antibakteri Terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. 9(4), 533–541.

Ningsih, W. P., Widiastuti, R., & Eltivitasari, A. (2023). Formulasi dan Uji Karakteristik Fisik Sediaan Masker Clay Serbuk Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea robusta. Sinteza, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.29408/sinteza.v3i1.7427

Pamungkas, A. S., Fauziah, & Samodra, G. (2024). Evaluasi Sifat Fisik Masker Clay Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Pisang Ambon (Musa paradisiaca (L.) Kunt. var. sapientum) Dengan Kaolin Dan Bentonit Sebagai Basis Masker. Pharmacy Genius, 03(03), 149–160.

Putri, A. T., Suproborini, A., & Kusumawati, D. (2023). Kandungan metabolit sekunder ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.). Seminar Nasional Prodi Farmasi, 226–229.

Putri, & Muflihah, C. H. (2024). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Penyebab Jerawat Propionibacterium acnes Dan Staphylococcus aureus Menggunakan Ekstrak Dan Fraksi Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) Serta Bioautografinya. Usadha Journal of Pharmacy, 3(3), 272–287. https://doi.org/10.23917/ujp.v3i3.404

Setiawan, R., Masrijal, C. D. P., Hermansyah, O., Rahmawati, S., Sari, R. I. P., & Cahyani, A. N. (2023). Formulasi, Evaluasi Dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Gel Antioksidan Ekstrak Tali Putri (Cassytha filiformis L). Bencoolen Journal of Pharmacy, 3(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.33369/bjp.v3i1.27649

Setiyadi, G., & Qonitah, A. (2020). Optimasi Masker Gel Peel-Off Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Sirih (Piper Betle L.) dengan Kombinasi Carbomer dan Polivinil Alkohol. Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 17(2), 174–183. https://doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.11976

Sukbakti, I. A. P., Wardani, T. S., & Fitriawati, A. (2025). Formulasi Sediaan Masker Gel Peel-Off Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper Betle L.) dan Madu (Mel Depuratum) Serta Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dan Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919. Jurnal Farmasindo: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 9(1), 124–135. https://farmasindo.poltekindonusa.ac.id

Syamsidi, A., Syamsuddin, A. M., & Sulastri, E. (2021). Formulation and Antioxidant Activity of Clay Mask of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L .) Lycopene Extract with Variation of Concentration of Kaoline and Bentonite Bases ). Jurnal Farmasi Galenika, 7(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2021.v7.i1.15462

Tatambihe, N. A., Yuhara, N. A., Rawar, E. A., Farmasi, F., Kristen, U., Yogyakarta, I., & Istimewa, D. (2025). Jurnal Kesehatan Perintis. 11(2), 136–148. https://jurnal.upertis.ac.id/index.php/JKP%0AAktivitas

Wahyukurnia, P. T., Yuhara, N. A., & Atmaja, S. P. (2023). Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi N-Heksan, Etil Asetat, N-Butanol Daun Jambu Mete (Annacardium occidentale) terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Ulkus Diabetik (Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli). Jurnal Kesehatan Perintis, 10(2), 114–123. https://jurnal.upertis.ac.id/index.php/JKP%0AAktivitas

Yovitasari, T. A., Rachmawati, P., & Notario, D. (2025). Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Clay Mask Yang Mengandung Kopi Robusta ( Coffea canephora ). Damianus Journal of Medicine, 24(1), 29–38.

Zainal, T. H., Ulfa, M., Nisa, M., & Pawarrangan, T. J. (2023). Formulasi Masker Clay Mask Kulit Buah Pisang Muli cuminata L.). Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi Indonesia, 12(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.51887/jpfi.v12i1.1760